Midterm Parasites Flashcards
Eggs accumulate in paruterine organ as segments mature in this parasite
mesocestoides
scolex has 4 suckers and no hooks in this parasite
mesocestoides
mature proglottids have a mediodorsal genital pore in this parasite
mesocestoides
gravid segments detach in this parasite
mesocestoides
are mesocestoides zoonotic
yes
distribution of mesocestoides
0-1% in US higher in south east
asexual division may result in pleural effusion in lungs of this parasite
mesocestoides
tetrathyridia are found in peritoneal cavity of mammals and reptiles and in lungs of birds infected with this parasite
mesocestoides
types of anopolocephala
- A. magna
- Anoplocepahoides mamillana
- A. perfoliata
which type of anopolocephala is associated with potential pathogenicity in horses associated with infections, colic
A. perfoliata
anopolocephala hosts
- horses and donkeys
site of infection of anopolocephala
- small and large intestine
distribution of anopolocephala
global
18-22% depending on geographical region in USA
adult anopolocephala features
- up to 1.5 m
- segments are broader than long
life cycle of anopolocephala
- indirect
- cysticercoid in mite (IH) eaten by horse
intermediate host of anopolocephala
- forage mites
pathogenesis and clinical signs of anopolocephala
- asymptomatic
- perforation, blockage, colic (81% cecal colic cases)
- distribution of peristalsis
diagnosis of anopolocephala (4 ways)
- eggs and proglottids in feces
- ELISA serological test
- PCR
- saliva-based test
treatment of anopolocephala
- pyrantel (2-3x dose)
control of anopolocephala
- treating horses before moving to new pasture
moniezia definitive host
- ruminants (young animals)
moniezia intermediate host
- mites
moniezia sight of infection
- small intestines
adult moniezia features
- up to 2.0m
- segments broader than long
life cycle of moniezia
- indirect soil (orbatid) mites
- cysticercoid in mite eaten by direct host
pathogenesis and clinical signs of moniezia
- asymptomatic
- heavy infections - unthriftiness
diagnosis of moniezia
- proglottids and/or eggs in feces
epidemiology of moniezia
- calves, kids, and lambs
is moniezia zoonotic
- yes
treatment of moniezia (3)
- praziquantel
- albendazole
- other benzimidazole compounds
control of moniezia
- reduce transmission by treating lambs, kids and calves before moving to new pasture
- rotate pasture use
2 types of spirometra
- spirometra mansonoides
- diphyllobothrium latum
is spirometra zoonotic
- yes
direct host of spirometra mansonoides
- fox, wold, raccoon, bobcat, cat and dog
2 IH host stages of spirometra
- procercoid
- plerocercoid
first IH host of spirometra
- zooplankton Cyclops sp.
- procercoid stage
second IH host of spirometra
- any vertebrate except fish
- plerocercoid in flat muscle of body wall
zoonotic transmission of spirometra (3)
- drinking water containing procercoid
- eating plerocercoid (pig, frog, snake)
- applying poultice to sore eyes
life cycle of spirometra
- egg (oncosphere) -> hatch
- coracidium (ciliated oncosphere) -> ingested
- first IH (metacestode) -> ingested
- second IH (metacestode) -> ingested
- definitive host (adult) -> passed in feces
clinical signs of DH of spirometra
- no clinical signs
- no pathological change
clinical signs of IH of spirometra
- no clinical signs
- no lesions
treatment of spirometra (2)
- surgery
- parziquantel
is diphylobothrium latum zoonotic
- yes
life cycle of diphylobothrium latum
- unembryonated egg passed in feces
- eggs embryonate in water
- coracidia hatch from eggs and ingested by crustaceans
- infected crustaceans ingested by fish
- humans ingest raw or undercooked fish
diagnosis of diphylobothrium latum
- egs in feces