Midterm Part 2 readings

Question 1

What does Freeman argue in her piece on the Women’s movement?

Answer 1

argues that examining movement origins retrospectively is problematic because movement origins are often forgotten or inaccurately remembered

Question 2

What are the 3 proporistins Freeman mentions?

Answer 2

1. preexisting communications networks is a prerequisite for spontatneous activity(lots of organization)
   2.In order to be co-optable, it must be made up of like minded people whose backgrounds, experiences or location in the social structure make them receptive to the ideas of a specific new movement.
2. For a spontaneous action to occur, there must be a communications network formed or else the initial protest will not survive.
   Basically, if a co-optable communications network is already established, a crisis is all that is necessary to galvanize it.

Question 3

what does Freeman stress in her 3 propositions?

Answer 3

in order for a SM to be successful, there must be a spark and a pre-existing social network that is co-optable.

Question 4

what are the 2 branches of the women’s movement?

Answer 4

1. women’s right movement: older and sought reforms, focused on legal, economic problems, and formed formal organizations
2. women’s liberation movement: newer, more radical, goals were less focused, less structure

Question 5

why did the 2 branches have different style and organization?

Answer 5

-because of the different kinds of political education and experiences of each group of women.

Question 6

what are social networks?

Answer 6

• the web of social ties that connects individuals(and organizations) to others.
• An individual’s social network can include family, friends, neighbors etc.
• People usually get influenced through the ideas and attitudes of one’s social networks.
• Movements are built off pre-existing networks but also bring together previously unconnected networks and organizations.

Question 7

whats a broker?

Answer 7

a person who brings together disparate networks to form a movement

Question 8

what were the 4 essential elements that contriubuted to the emergence of the women’s liberation movement?

Answer 8

1. The growth of a preexisting communications network which was 2. Co-optable to the ideas of the new movement 3. A series of crises that galvanized into action people involved in this network and 4. Subsequent organizing effort to weld the spontaneous groups together into a movement

Question 9

What did D’Emilio argue about the gay liberation movement

Answer 9

argued that the Gay Liberation Movement that formed after Stonewall was largely successful because they were able to capitalize on the revolutionary networks that the New Left had formed

Question 10

how did the meaning of coming out change with the gay liberation movement?

Answer 10

-Before coming out signified a private decision to accept one’s homosexual desires and to acknowledge one’s sexual identity to other gay men and women.
But after this, it changed it to coming out in the public sphere, through their work in the movement.
-When one came out it symbolized the shedding of the self-hatred that gay men and women internalized, and consequently it promised an immediate improvement in one’s life.
-coming out helped build movement

Question 11

what occured after the gay liberation movement?

Answer 11

• coming out changed meaning
• allowed a gay subculture to emerge
• appearance of a strong lesbian liberation movement

Question 12

how did the occupy wall street movement become known?

Answer 12

-Internet and social media

Question 13

was occupy movement spontaneous?

Answer 13

planned by a group of experienced political activitsts, newly inspired by the Arab Spring and the surge of mass protest around the world in the first half of 2011.
Arab spring was key inspiration for occupy movement

Question 14

what was the occupy movement?

Answer 14

carefully planned to focus public attention on the injustices associated with the global economic crisis and the staggering growth of inequality in the 21st century.
-mainly involved were white college educated males

Question 15

what is relative deprivation?

Answer 15

when people to action because they feel angry and feel that their situation is unjust when there is a significant difference between the conditions of their lives and their expectations
(When people take action for social change to acquire something that others possess and which they believe they should have too )

Question 16

how did people involved in the Egyptian revolution get people to participate?

Answer 16

• reached out to people on the internet, facebook, to protest against police brutality that terrorized Egyptians
• social media networks helped movement grow, people would posts videos on facebook and youtube

Question 17

what were the themes of the egyptian revolution?

Answer 17

-bread, freedom and social justice

Question 18

what did McCarthy and Zald argue?

Answer 18

mobilizing grievances are a weak component in the generation of social movements

Question 19

whats a counter movment?

Answer 19

a set of opinions and beliefs in a population that oppose a social movement

Question 20

whats a SMO?

Answer 20

• social movement ogranization: a complex, or formal, organization which identifies its goals with the preferences of a social movement or a countermovement and attempts to implement those goals.
• one main goal is to raise funds to keep themselves afloat

Question 21

whats an SMI?

Answer 21

social movmenet industry:
the organizational analogue of a social movement
Basically when different social movements focus on an issue

Question 22

SMS?

Answer 22

social movement sector:consists of of all SMIs in a society no matter to which SM they are attached.

Question 23

what are target goals?

Answer 23

preferred changes toward which is claims to be working

• goals can be broad or narrow
• these smos must have resources to work toward goal achievement

Question 24

what are adherents?

Answer 24

individuals and organizations that believe in the goals of the movement

Question 25

constituents?

Answer 25

people who provide resources to a SMO (give money)

Question 26

Potential beneficinaries

Answer 26

those who benefit directly from SMO goal accomplishment

Question 27

conscience adherents

Answer 27

individuals and groups who are part of the approapriate SM but do not stand to benefit directly from SMO goal accomplishment

Question 28

Conscience constituents

Answer 28

direct supporters of a SMO who do not stand to benefit directly from its success in goal accomplishment

Question 29

what do morgan et al show? what people are more involved in SMs?

Answer 29

• people who have higher education are more likely to give time
• people who give more time to volunteer activities also give more money

Question 30

TEAGS focus on national government policies but also focus into global civil society. who do they spread info to ?

Answer 30

• the public
• they target corporations and businesses
• also focus on local governments

Question 31

how do TEAGS take direct action?

Answer 31

1. To bring what are often hidden instances of environmental abuse to the attention of a wide audience ex significant species extinction takes place in the heart of the rainforest. Through newspapers, radio, tv , and magazines, national activist groups bring these hidden spots of the globe into people’s everyday lives.
2. Transnational Environmental Activism Groups engage in dangerous and dramatic actions that undermine how serious they consider certain environmental threats to be

Question 32

What does Smith argue?

Answer 32

she argues that certain kinds of social movements have become more democratized and more globalized because of modern technology ( by this she means that more people are able to participate in a SM beyond a local setting)
-more people are participating in SM due to technology

Question 33

What does Haug advocate the shift in focus from social movement actors to ?

Answer 33

social movement contexts
-known as collective spaces, where activists find themselves and which they aim to shape and organize according to their needs and visions

Question 34

why are meetings important?

Answer 34

natural way to establish and stabilize social relations and to create a social order that facilitates collective action and fosters social change.
Meeting can be defined as an episodic gathering of three or more co-present participants who maintain a single focus of cognitive and visual attention while engaging in a multi-party talk that is related to some common business of the participants.

Question 35

meeting event

Answer 35

the actual interactions of participants

Question 36

meeting arena

Answer 36

where the meeting takes place

Question 37

what does Smith’s chapter bascially talk about

Answer 37

importance of organizing and having meetings within a social movement

Question 38

What is the free rider problem?

Answer 38

when people benefit from a SM but do not participate in it

Question 39

What is cognitive liberation?

Answer 39

the belief that people have the capacity to enact change.

-this is both a cause and product of protest activity

Question 40

who are radical Islamists?

Answer 40

educated, modern men

Question 41

what does Viterna’s piece on women’s participation in the Salvadoran guerrilla army argue?

Answer 41

that there are multiple factors that led women to join the guerilla army

Question 42

Both Hirsch’s piece on college students and Whittier’s piece on feminists emphasize what factors for retaining members of a movement?

Answer 42

collective consciousness and collective identity

Question 43

whats biographical availabilty?

Answer 43

Many people are prevented from protesting by the responsibilities and constraints of daily life which are imposed by parents, spouses or partners, children. Not everyone in the world is available to join SM

Question 44

Charisma

Answer 44

some political or religious leaders are popular not simply because of their ideas but because they are viewed as possessing some extraordinary personal quality, a “gift” or superhuman power which requires loyalty and obedience even in the force or greater risks
People willing to sacrifice their lives for charismatic leaders

Question 45

affective ties

Answer 45

social relationships based on friendship or sexual attraction are often important in recruiting people to protest events and social movements, and these relationships also help keep people in the group or movement once they have joined

Question 46

collective empowerment

Answer 46

The recruitment and commitment of participants
If large numbers of people are willing to sacrifice themselves for the movement, the chances for success are seen greater

Question 47

polarization

Answer 47

Protest challenge authority in a way in a way that institutional tactics do not

Question 48

how do individuals mobilize?

Answer 48

conscious raising, collective empowerment, polarization and group decision

Question 49

whats an alternative model to framing?

Answer 49

participatory communication model:
This alternative model treats citizens as collective actors. Groups of people who interact, who are capable of building long term interactions with journalist and of carrying out collaborative, sustained reframing efforts that may involve intense conflict

Question 50

why did campesinos join the social movement in El Salvador?

Answer 50

emphasizes the emotional benefits of participation, a particular kind of in-process benefit, as the key to understanding the willingness of campesinos to support the SM
Emotional in process benefits- includes fear and pride in agency
-some joined to obtain resources even though they didnt support the SM