Midterm Study Guide (SWITCH Q+A!)

Question 1

The longitude line at 0 degrees is called the…

Answer 1

Prime meridian

Question 2

The time before people wrote down records of events that occurred is known as…

Answer 2

Prehistory

Question 3

The technique used to determine the age of organic artifacts less than 50,000 years old is called…

Answer 3

Carbon dating

Question 4

The latitude line at 0 degrees is called the…

Answer 4

Equator

Question 5

When did hominids first appear on Earth? What about modern humans?

Answer 5

Hominids: 3.5-4 million years ago.

Modern Humans (homo sapiens): 150,000-200,000 years ago.

Question 6

What was the most likely reason early humans migrated?

Answer 6

Following game animals for food.

Question 7

What did humans do differently between the Paleolithic Era and the Neolithic Era?

Answer 7

Instead of being nomadic + hunter-gatherers, they began permanent farming settlements.

Question 8

Archaeologists

Answer 8

Archaeologists study bones, fossils, and artifacts TO LEARN ABOUT PEOPLE.

Question 9

Paleontologists

Answer 9

Paleontologists study fossils/time periods

Question 10

Anthropologists

Answer 10

Anthropologists study primarily artifacts to LEARN ABOUT CULTURE.

Question 11

Civilization Requirements

Answer 11

Complex institutions, Advanced cities, Improved technology, Record-keeping, and Specialized workers.
CAIRS

Question 12

In what types of regions did the first civilizations develop in, and why did they develop there?

Answer 12

First civilizations developed in river valleys, mostly because they provide water (especially important for farming), and transportation.

Question 13

The Fertile Crescent contains which 4 ancient civilizations/empires?

Answer 13

Babylon, Akkad, Ur, and Sumer

BAUS

Question 14

What did the Zhou Dynasty do?

Answer 14

The Zhou Dynasty claimed the “Mandate of Heaven”, which gave theme the right to overthrow the Shang Dynasty.

Question 15

The South Asian subcontinent (?,?) is separated from the rest of Asia by ?.

Answer 15

India and Pakistan, The Himalaya Mountains

Question 16

When did the Egyptians build the pyramids and why?

Answer 16

• The pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom (~2500 BC)

- They were built as tombs for pharaohs.

Question 17

What kingdom was located south of/trade with Egypt along the Nile River?

Answer 17

Kush (modern-day Sudan in N. Africa0

Question 18

Ziggurat

Answer 18

The type of temple built by the Sumerians to worship their gods.

Question 19

Who were some important Mesopotamian leaders?

Answer 19

1. Sargon of Akkad (1st Empire)

2. Hammurabi (Written law code)

Question 20

Polytheism

Answer 20

The worship of more than one god.

Question 21

Monotheism

Answer 21

The worship of one god

Question 22

What types of writing were used in each river valley civilization?

Answer 22

1. Cuneiform- Mesopotamia
2. Hieroglyphics- Egypt
3. Writing (not yet deciphered)- Indus Valley
4. Writing- China
   MEIC

Question 23

Theocracy

Answer 23

The form of government that is closely tied to religion.

Question 24

Name the rivers that were important for each “River Valley Civilization”.

Answer 24

1. Mesopotamia > Tigris + Euphrates Rivers
2. Egypt > Nile River
3. India > Indus River
4. China > Huang He + Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers.
   MEIC

Question 25

What NATURAL BOUNDARIES kept China relatively isolated in the early ages of civilization there?

Answer 25

Seas, Mountains, Oceans, and Deserts. | SMOD

Question 26

Mediterranean Sea

Answer 26

Early trading civilizations of the Middle East bordered on this important body of water.

Question 27

What aspect of Phoenician culture did other civilizations adopt?

Answer 27

The Phonetic Alphabet

Question 28

What were the most important aspects of Persian civilization?

Answer 28

1. Tolerance for conquered people 2. Road System- Royal Road 3. Bureaucracy- Structure + set of rules > control people 4. Zoroastrianism- Monotheism (1 god) TRBZ

Question 29

Who were the Minoans and Mycenaeans? How were they related, and how did they affect the development of "Classical" Greek civilization?

Answer 29

- The Minoans + Mycenaeans were early settlers in the region in + around Greece. - Minoans influenced Mycenaeans influenced Greeks. - writing system> core of larp >

Question 30

Who came first, Minoans or Mycenaeans?

Answer 30

The Minoans

Question 31

How did geography impact the development of Greece?

Answer 31

1. Need for Trade: Location near the seas, lack of fertile soil. 2. City-states: Mountains, islands.

Question 32

Polis means...

Answer 32

A Greek city-state. They weren't politically unified, and jostled for power + land.

Question 33

Sparta's society was based on...

Answer 33

Military, strength, and discipline. | MSD

Question 34

How are Athens + Sparta different?

Answer 34

Athens: MATD. Sparta: Oligarchy, Rigid social structure, Militaristic and aggressive society.

Question 35

How are Athens + Sparta similar?

Answer 35

Religion (polytheistic), Education, and Language.

Question 36

Who fought in the Persian Wars? What happened?

Answer 36

Greece vs. Persia > Greece defeated Persia, and Athens became the most powerful city-state in Greece.

Question 37

Who was Pericles? Importance?

Answer 37

1. Leader of Athens during its "Golden Age". 2. Opened gov't to more people, Built up the Athenian Navy, Led the Delian league, and Commissioned the Parthenon. GANDC 3. Legacy = Direct Democracy.

Question 38

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? What was the outcome?

Answer 38

1. Athens vs. Sparta > Sparta won, but all the city-states were weakened, opening Greece to invasion by the Macedonians several decades later.

Question 39

What major regions were conquered by Philip 2 and Alexander the Great?

Answer 39

Greece, Egypt, Persia, Indus Valley, and Anatolia | GEPIA

Question 40

Socrates

Answer 40

A philosopher that taught that the way to seek truth is through a series of questions + answers.

Question 41

Plato

Answer 41

Wrote a book called "The Republic" and started a school called the "Academy".

Question 42

The Iliad and the Odyssey were both stories told by ?, who lived during the time of the ? in Greece.

Answer 42

Homer (blind storyteller that composed epics), Dorians (1,150 BC- 750 BC)

Question 43

The gov't of Athens was usually regarded as the first ?.

Answer 43

Democracy

Question 44

Difference between Hellenic + Hellenistic? How does Alexander the Great fit in?

Answer 44

1. Hellenic- only Greek. 2. Hellenistic- blend of GEPI (Greece, Egypt, Persia, and Indian influences). 3. Alexander the Great's conquest of those regions led to cultural diffusion.

Question 45

Descriptions of the 3 types of columns often used in Greek architecture.

Answer 45

1. Doric: Plain 2. Ionic: Scrolls 3. Corinthian: Fancy