Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AICE Marine > midterm vocab!! > Flashcards

midterm vocab!! Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothesis

A

one possible answer to “why”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prediction

A

what you think will happen in the experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Control group

A

treated the same another experimented groups minus the independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Independant Variable

A

changed during the experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dependent variable

A

gets measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

control variables

A

kept the same (could impact dependent variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

confounding variables

A

can affect experiment and cause unreliable data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

dipole-dipole attraction when a hydrogen atom bonds with a strongly electronegative atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Covalent bond

A

chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polar molecule

A

a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neutrons

A

neutral charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

protons

A

positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

electrons

A

negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Solute

A

the substance that dissolves in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Particle Theory Method

A

describes how particles move in relation to one another, depending on:

-all particles are moving
-move faster at higher temps
-slow when cooled, only vibrate in place once frozen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Solvent

A

the substance in which a solute dissolves to produce a homogeneous mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Solubility

A

the ability of a substance to dissolve into a solvent and become a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Brackish Water

A

water that is a mix of salt and freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Average salinity of the ocean

A

35ppt (parts per thousand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Things that decrease salinity

A
  • rainfall
  • ice melting
  • runoff from land
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

things that increase salinity

A
  • evaporation
  • ice formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tropical oceans

A

higher salinities due to increased evaporation. However, salinity drops near the equator due to increased cloud coverage and rainfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Polar Oceans

A

lower salinities due to slower rates of evaporation and melting ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Solubility of gases in seawater

A
  • decreases w/ increasing temp
  • decreases w/ increasing salinity
  • increases w/ increasing pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

oxygen minimum layer

A

where the lowest O2 levels occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ocean Acidification

A

phenomenon where the ocean’s pH is decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Density

A

D= mass/volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pycnocline

A

region of the water column of rapid density increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Surface mixed layer

A

later of rapid temperature decrease where heat energy is quickly lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Halocline

A

region of the water column where salinity changes significantly with depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Continental crust

A

Made of granite. Older, thicker, less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

Made of basalt. Younger, thinner, more dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Theory of continental drift

A

theory that all the continents used to exist as a single continent called Pangea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Convection Currents

A

heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Subduct

A

to be pushed under

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Trench

A

formed by a convergent boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Convergent boundary

A

Plates collide and the more dense plate is subducted under the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Marina Trench

A

Deepest trench

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Earthquakes

A

caused by built up pressure from plates not moving for a long time. A burst of energy releases when there is finally movement and the energy released moves as seismic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Tsunamis

A

Caused by a sudden release of energy on the seafloor (earthquake or volcanic eruption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Divergent Boundaries

A

Two plates moving away from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Seafloor Spreading

A

When plates diverge in the ocean, allowing magma to push through the crust and form new crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

mid-ocean ridges

A

Underwater mountain ranges that form when new rock builds up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Rift

A

cracks in the crust caused by oceanic crust separating at mid-ocean ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Transform Boundaries

A

Forms when 2 plates slide past each other. They do not create or destroy lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Lithosphere

A

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

46
Q

Hydrothermal Vents

A

an opening in the sea floor where heated mineral-rich water flows.

47
Q

Weathering

A

Breaking down of a material into smaller pieces of sediment

48
Q

Erosion

A

the removal of material and transportation away from its location

49
Q

Chemical weathering

A

occurs when the chemical composition of rocks changes through exposure to water or oxygen

50
Q

Physical Weathering

A

occurs when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces with no chemical change

51
Q

Organic weathering

A

occurs when living organisms break down rock

52
Q

Sedimentation

A

the deposition of particles to a new location

53
Q

The littoral Zone

A

the intertidal region between the highest and lowest tides

54
Q

Rocky shores

A
  • high levels of erosion
  • vertical cliffs and flat rock
  • little sedimentation
55
Q

Sandy Shores

A
  • rate of erosion is less than the rate of sedimentation
  • low elevation/no cliffs
  • made of loose deposits of sand
  • are constantly in motion (waves move sand up and down the beach)
56
Q

Muddy Shores

A
  • low levels of erosion
  • low wave action
  • water is murky
57
Q

Tides

A

patterns of rise and fall of the ocean’s surface

58
Q

Tidal Range

A

vertical difference between high water mark and low water mark

59
Q

Flood Tide

A

occurs during a rising tide when water is moving toward the shore.

60
Q

Ebb Tide

A

when the water is rushing back toward the sea.

61
Q

Slack Water

A

The period of time between flood and ebb tides

62
Q

Tidal Bores

A

waves that travel long distances, are very high, and can travel fast

63
Q

Spring Tide

A

Occurs during new and full moon (amplifies the effect of the moon and sun’s pull). Largest tidal range of the month.

64
Q

Neap Tide

A

Occurs during 1st and 3rd quarter moons (moon and sun at 90 degree angle to each other). Smallest tidal range of the month

65
Q

Semidiurnal Tides

A

2 high and 2 low tides a day (same height)

66
Q

Diurnal tides

A

one high and one low tide a day

67
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

gives currents a spiral pattern resulting from the rotation of the Earth

68
Q

Wind

A

The movement of molecules in the air

69
Q

Ekman layer

A

The upper part of the water column that is affected by the wind

70
Q

Ekman spiral

A

Combination of the wind and the Coriolis effect that creates a spiral effect

71
Q

Surface Currents

A

result from global wind patterns, which are caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface

72
Q

Upwelling

A

Occur where winds force surface water away from the coastline, creating a low pressure area that pulls deep, cold, nutrient-rich water up

73
Q

Downwelling

A

sinking of surface waters (more dense, cold water sinks)

74
Q

Global Ocean Conveyor Belt/ Thermohaline circulation

A

system of slow moving currents that begins with the downwelling of the North Atlantic Deep Water current and travels through all of the oceans

75
Q

El Nino

A

Results in major shifts in:
-Ocean temperatures
-ocean currents
-rain patterns
-disrupts food webs

76
Q

La Nina

A

OPPOSITE of El Nino
-Tradewinds are STRONGER
-Warm water is pushed further west across the Pacific
-Upwelling off South America is STRONGER
-Western coast of N and S America even drier than normal

77
Q

Population

A

group of the same species (can mate and reproduce)

78
Q

Community

A

A group of different species that live and interact together

79
Q

Ecosystem

A

the community of organisms plus their abiotic surroundings

80
Q

Ecology

A

the study of relationships between organisms and their relationships with the environment

81
Q

Intraspecific

A

occurring within the same species

82
Q

Interspecific

A

Occurring between different species

83
Q

Symbiosis

A

a relationship between two organisms of different species living in close proximity to each other, with one of them spending all or some of their time on or inside the other

84
Q

Mutualism

A

both organisms benefit (ex: boxer crabs and anemones)

85
Q

Parasitism

A

The symbiont benefits, while the host is harmed

86
Q

Ectoparasites

A

live on the outside of their host

87
Q

Endoparasites

A

live within the host’s body

88
Q

Commensalism

A

The symbiont benefits, the host is neither helped nor harmed

89
Q

Phoresis

A

symbiont that attaches to a host in order to travel

90
Q

Competition

A

occurs when two organisms are trying to use the same resource. Both are harmed

91
Q

Predation

A

is the hunting, killing, and consumption of one species (the prey) by another (the predator)

92
Q

coevolution

A

when two species evolve and strengthen their abilities in response to one another

93
Q

Herbivory

A

animals feeding on plants or algae

94
Q

grazing

A

feeding behavior

95
Q

trophic level

A

he position of an organism in the food chain and ranges from a value of 1 for primary producers to 5 for marine mammals and humans.

96
Q

Decomposer

A

An organism, often a bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter, making organic nutrients available to the ecosystem

97
Q

Food Chain

A

a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food

98
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process in which producers (plants / algae)
living in the photic zone capture sunlight to create food (sugar).
6CO2+6H2O+light–>C6H12O6+6O2

99
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

alternative to photosynthesis. energy stored in
hydrogen sulfides (minerals from the vent) contain chemical energy that is used by bacteria to convert energy to food

100
Q

Productivity

A

the rate of production of new biomass (living
material) per unit area by autotrophic organisms, by photo- or chemosynthesis

101
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

the balance of unused energy available to the consumers in the ecosystem

102
Q

Nutrients

A

are substances required by organisms for growth, repair, energy, etc

103
Q

Magnesium

A

production of cholorphyll

104
Q

Calcium

A

Production of bones, shells, and coral skeletons

105
Q

Nitrogen

A

Production of proteins and DNA

106
Q

Phosphorus

A

Production of DNA and bones

107
Q

Carbon

A

Production of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

108
Q

Macromolecules

A

are large molecules (polymers) made of chains of many smaller molecules (monomers)

109
Q

Residence time

A

the average time a particle spends in a system

110
Q

Marine Snow

A

the continuous sinking of organic matter into the deep

111
Q

Harvesting

A

the removal of marine life from the ocean by humans

112
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

The carbon cycle is nature’s way of reusing carbon atoms.

AICE Marine (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions