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Mineralogy > Mineral Properties > Flashcards

Mineral Properties Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals have a definite?

A

Chemical Composition

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2
Q

A group of crystal structures that are categorized according to the axial system used to describe their “lattice”

A

Crystal System

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3
Q

The 6 different types of crystal systems

A

Isometric
Monoclinic
Hexagonal
Triclinic
Tetragonal
Orthorhombic

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4
Q

A set of minerals grouped according to their chemical composition

A

Mineral Groups

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5
Q

A set of minerals grouped by the anion (SiO4)^-4

A

Silicates

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6
Q

Island Silicates - give formula and example

A

Nesosilicates; 1:4 (SiO4)^-4; Olivine

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7
Q

Double Island Silicates - give formula and example

A

Sorosilicates; 2:7 (Si2O7)^-6; Lawsonite

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8
Q

Ring Silicates - give formula and example

A

Cyclosilicates; 1:3 (Si6O18)^-12; Beryl

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9
Q

Single Chain Silicates - give formula and example

A

Inosilicates; 1:3 (Si2O6)^-4; Aegerine

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10
Q

Double Chain Silicates - give formula and example

A

Inosilicates; 4:11 (Si4O11)^-6; Actinolite

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11
Q

Sheet Silicates - give formula and example

A

Phyllosilicates; 2:5 (Si2O5)^-2; Talc

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12
Q

Framework Silicates - give formula and example

A

Tectosilicates; 1:2 (SiO2); Quartz

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13
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form

A

Streak

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14
Q

The resistance of a mineral to be scratched

A

Hardness

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15
Q

A relative hardness scale developed in 1824 that uses set of indenting tools or points composed of minerals and common objects.

A

Mohs Scale of Hardness

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16
Q

Who made the Mohs Scale of Hardness

A

Frederic Mohs

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17
Q

An absolute hardness scale of indentation hardness related to the ratio between the force and time to the size of the indentation to the mineral

A

Knoop Scale of Hardness

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18
Q

A diamond-tipped instrument used for testing the hardness of a material.

A

Indenter

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19
Q

Recite the Mohs Scale of Hardness

A

Talc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Apatite
Orthoclase
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond

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20
Q

Refers to the common or characteristic shape of a crystal or aggregate of crystals

A

Habit

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21
Q

Fine, slender, needle like crystals

A

Acicular

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22
Q

Exhibiting narrow bands of different colors as textures

A

Banded

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23
Q

Forming very thin threads which resemble hair

A

Capillary

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24
Q

Stout-column like individuals

A

Columnar

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25
Q

Forming long and thin little columns which resemble wire

A

Filiform

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26
Q

Cavity line with small crystals

A

Geode

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27
Q

Radiating individuals forming small, spherical or hemispherical

A

Globular

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28
Q

Aggregates of large or small grains

A

Granular

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29
Q

Compact crystalline aggregates with no regular forms

A

Massive

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30
Q

Somewhat elongated crystals with well-developed prism faces

A

Prismatic

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31
Q

Crystals somewhat flattened in one direction

A

Tabular

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32
Q

Rounded masses somewhat resembling bunches of grapes

A

Botryoidal

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33
Q

Plates approximately parallel about a common center

A

Concentric

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34
Q

Separate from a thicker stem into several slender ones, similar to branches which divides into smaller sheets.

A

Dendritic

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35
Q

Crystals groups radiating from a center

A

Divergent or Radiated

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36
Q

Surface covered with a layer of small crystals

A

Drusy

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37
Q

Groups of parallel slender thread-like strands; need not be easily separable

A

Fibrous

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38
Q

Splitting readily into exceedingly thin plates or sheets

A

Micaceous

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39
Q

Aggregate of small sphere the size of fish roe.

A

Oolitic

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40
Q

Small globular aggregates about the size of peas or in round concretionary grains

A

Pisolitic

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41
Q

Rounded grape-like or kidney-shaped masses.

A

Reniform

42
Q

Lattice-like or network arrangement of slender columnar or threads.

A

Reticulated

43
Q

Grains having the size of granulated sugar grains

A

Saccharoidal

44
Q

Resembling pendant cylinders or cones

A

Stalacticic

45
Q

Radiating individuals forming star-like or circular groups.

A

Stellated

46
Q

The appearance of a mineral surface in reflected light according to the intensity of reflected light, or in comparison or likeness to objects.

A

Luster

47
Q

Dazzling luster

A

Splendent

48
Q

Distinct observed only on closer observation and is generally related to an uneven sample

A

Shining

49
Q

Feebly appearing luster

A

Weakly Shining

50
Q

Only a feeble light is reflected by some of the minute aggregated parts

A

Glimmering

51
Q

Surface does not reflect any light

A

Dull or Earthy

52
Q

Bright reflectance of a metallic surface

A

Metallic

53
Q

Piece of broken glass

A

Vitreous

54
Q

Brilliant, almost oily

A

AdamantineL

55
Q

Luster of a piece of resin, greasy luster

A

Resinous or Waxy

56
Q

Common when a mineral has a very perfect cleavage and hence partially separated into thin plates

A

Pearly

57
Q

Characteristics of some minerals in fibrous aggregates

A

Silky

58
Q

The appearance produced through the light spectrum as the light bounces or from the mineral

A

Color

59
Q

Minerals whose color are not influenced by certain impurities.

A

Idiochromatic

60
Q

Minerals whose colors are influenced by impurities

A

Allochromatic

61
Q

Atoms of elements trapped or has been included within the crystal lattices

A

Chromophores

62
Q

A six-pointed star formed by a beam of light at right angles to each set of inclusions

A

Asterism

63
Q

Band of light moves from side to side as in a cat’s eye

A

Chatoyancy

64
Q

Two directions have different colors

A

Dichroism

65
Q

On exposure to uv light, a mineral emits visible light

A

Fluorescence

66
Q

Shows a series of colors due to light undergoing reflective interferences with itself either on the surface in the interior.

A

Iridescence

67
Q

Play of colors or colored reflections exhibited especially by labradorite

A

Labradoresence

68
Q

Pearly reflection from the interior of a mineral

A

Opalesence

69
Q

Some fluorescent minerals will continue to glow after the ultraviolet light has been turned off

A

Phosphorescence

70
Q

Exhibits internally the various prismatic colors when the mineral is turned

A

Play of Colors

71
Q

Appearance of different colors when a crystal is viewed in transmitted light in different directions

A

Pleochroism

72
Q

Some minerals will emit visible light when heated below red heat

A

Thermoluminescence

73
Q

Some minerals when rubbed or struck with a hammer will emit light

A

Triboluminescence

74
Q

The ability of minerals to have light pass through them

A

Diaphaneity

75
Q

The ratio of velocity of light in air and the velocity of light in a medium

A

Refractive Index

76
Q

Minerals with an isometric crystal system that have light pass through them

A

Isotropic Minerals

77
Q

Minerals that do not have an isometric crystal system with light passing through them

A

Anisotropic Minerals

78
Q

A property of a mineral that can produce “a doubled image”

A

Double Refraction

79
Q

Planes of weak bonds within minerals’ crystal lattices

A

Cleavage

80
Q

The appearance of the surface of a mineral when it does not break along cleavage planes

A

Fracture

81
Q

The intergrowth of two or more crystals from the same point

A

Twinning

82
Q

The ability of minerals without any cleaves to split or separate into smooth planes

A

Parting

83
Q

The degree of a mineral’s toughness or resistance to breaking or deforming

A

Tenacity

84
Q

Minerals that can be deformed through compressive stress

A

Malleable

85
Q

Minerals that can be deformed through tensile stress

A

Ductile

86
Q

Minerals that can be smoothly cut with a knife

A

Sectile

87
Q

Minerals that break into uneven fragments upon applying stress

A

Brittle

88
Q

Minerals that can be bent out of shape in any direction

A

Elastic

89
Q

Minerals that can be bent out of shape in any direction

A

Flexible

90
Q

The ability of a mineral to be attracted to a magnetic mineral

A

Magnetism

91
Q

Minerals that are strongly attracted to magnets

A

Ferromagnetic

92
Q

Minerals that tend to create it’s own magnetic field

A

Ferrimagnetic

93
Q

Minerals that are only slightly attracted to magnets

A

Paramagnetic

94
Q

Minerals that are non-magnetic

A

Diamagnetic

95
Q

Minerals that are similar to ferromagnetic minerals but have a net magnetic moment equal to zero.

A

Antiferromagnetism

96
Q

The proportion of the mass of the mineral to its volume

A

Density

97
Q

The ability of carbonate minerals to fizz

A

Effervescence

98
Q

The ability of a mineral to produce an electric charge when pressure is applied to it

A

Piezoelectricity

99
Q

The ability of a mineral to produce an electric charge when heat is induced on it

A

Pyroelectricity

100
Q

Certain minerals produce a specific and distinct smell

A

Odor

101
Q

Certain minerals produce and distinct taste

A

Halite

Mineralogy (20 decks)

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