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Earth Science > Mineral & Rock Unit Test Study Guide > Flashcards

Mineral & Rock Unit Test Study Guide Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

mineral

A

the building blocks of rocks

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2
Q

color

A

most obvious, least reliable

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3
Q

luster

A

how light reflects off the surface
>metalic, non-metalic

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4
Q

hardness

A

resistance to being scratched
>Mohs Scale

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5
Q

Mohs Scale

A

a scale to show the hardness of minerals
>1-10
>talc - diamond

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6
Q

streak

A

color of a mineral as a fine powder
> streak plate
» unglazed porcelain

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7
Q

cleavage

A

breaking on a flat plane

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8
Q

fracture

A

breaking on an uneven plane

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9
Q

silicate

A

silicon + oxygen

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10
Q

carbonate

A

carbon + oxygen

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11
Q

sulfate

A

sulfur + oxygen

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12
Q

sulfide

A

sulfur + other

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13
Q

oxide

A

oxygen + metal(s)

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14
Q

phosphate

A

phosphorous + oxygen

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15
Q

halide

A

halogen group 17

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16
Q

native element

A

pure

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17
Q

periodic table

A

a table to organize elements/minerals

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18
Q

precipitation

A

crystalization from a solution
> saturated
>supersaturated

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19
Q

crystallization

A

cooling and solidification from magma or lava
> Bowen’s Reaction Series

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20
Q

metamorphism

A

minerals changing into a new mineral due to intense heat or pressure

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21
Q

Bowen’s Reaction Series

A

sequence of mineral formation

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22
Q

rock

A

solid masses of minerals or mineral-like substances (organic)

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23
Q

igneous

A

formed from the cooling and solidification of magma
> intrusive
> extrusive
> mafic
> silicic
> intermediate

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24
Q

sedimentary

A

formed from pieces of sediment or fossils
> lithification
> cementation
> compaction

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25
metamorphic
formed when existing rocks are changed through intense heat and/or pressure > contact metamorphism > regional metamorphism > parent rock > daughter rock
26
Intrusive
> plutonic > forms from magma > cools slowly >> creates large crystals
27
extrusive
> volcanic > forms from lava > cools quickly >> creates small or no crystals
28
mafic
> low silica > high magnesium > high iron
29
silicic
> high silica > low magnesium > low iron
30
intermediate
an almost even mix of silica, magnesium, and iron
31
clastic
sedimentary rock formed from compaction
32
biologic
an organic sedimentary rock formed from either compaction or cementation
33
chemical
a sedimentary rock formed from cementation
34
contact metamorphism
> effects a small, localized area > magma starts to intrude > non-foliated
35
regional metamorphism
> effects a large, regional area > formed along plate tectonic boundaries > helps create mountains > foliated
36
foliated
has a layered appearance
37
non-foliated
does not have a layered appearance
38
rock cycle
a model that describes the process that creates and transforms the rocks in Earth's crust
39
lithification
the process of combining sediment into solid rock
40
cementation
deposition of minerals in the spaces between sediment
41
compaction
pressure pushing sediment together into solid rock
42
parent rock
an existing rock (of any type)
43
daughter rock
a new metamorphic rock
44
What mineral group does PbS belong to?
sulfide
45
What mineral group does Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 belong to?
carbonate
46
What mineral group does Ca5(PO4)3F belong to?
phosphate
47
what mineral group does TiO2 belong to?
oxide
48
what mineral group does NiCO3 belong to?
carbonate
49
what mineral group does Mg2SiO4 belong to?
silicate
50
What mineral group does CaF2 belong to?
halide
51
What mineral group does ZrSiC4 belong to?
silicate
52
What mineral group does SrSO4 belong to?
sulfate
53
What mineral group does CuFe2S2 belong to?
sulfide
54
What mineral group does Al2O3 belong to?
oxide
55
What mineral group does C belong to?
native element
56
What mineral group does CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2) belong to?
phosphate
57
What mineral group does NaCl belong to?
halide
58
What mineral group does C belong to?
native element
59
What mineral group does CaSO4*2H2O belong to?
sulfate
60
**The Rock Cycle**
this isn't a question, but make sure you know the cycle

Earth Science (3 decks)

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