Minerals Flashcards by Josh steed

Bome defects, decreased bone length, width of epiphyseal

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Cardiac arrest, anesthesia. And respiratory failure may be symptoms of what mineral toxicity…

Magnesium

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Poor intestinal tone

Potassium, remember lack of potassium will cause dilation of vessels and muscle weakness due to greater action potential threshold ..jackass.

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During a copper deficiency this mineral is retained in high levels

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This cation mineral makes up the majority of the extra cellular mineral concentrations

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This cation is primarily found in intracellular fluid

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Cannibalsim is associated with this deficiency in mineral

Sodium

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Diuretics, hyper adrenal activity, renal failure might cause a deficiency of…

Potassium

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This mineral can be used to determine muscle mass

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Grass tetany caused by low…

Magnesium

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Aldosterone helps retain what mineral ?

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Discovered by schedule, named by Davy

Chloride

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This mineral prevents the action potential

Magnesium

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This mineral is involved in cystic fibrosis

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Cretinism

Iodine

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This mineral is involved in respiration and bicarbonate transport to tissues.

Cl.

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A decrease in this mineral could cause poor cardiac function, increased blood pressure, and respiratory weakness

Potassium

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This mineral was isolated by Davy or named by him

Sodium

Potassium

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These three minerals play a role in acid production in the stomach.

Na,k,cl

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These three minerals make up EB equation

Na,k,cl

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Thick lips, large tongue, bulging bellie

Iodine

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UAB is made up of…

Na,k,mg,ca, cl,s,p

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This cation electrolyte when added to feed depresses growth in high levels compared to another cation.

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Sugars, amino acids, and vitamin B are transported through intestine with this mineral

Sodium

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This mineral exacerbates lysine argentine interaction.

Adding this mineral prevents argenine catabolism

This mineral is a component of chlorophyll

Magnesium

Watery stool, constant drinking, and weight loss might suggest a toxicity of what mineral....

Sodium

This mineral is absorbed faster in the inorganic form than organic form

Iodine

Hyperemia/vasodilation, calcification of soft tissues, tetany , convolsions are caused by"....

Magnesium

Ca and P are antagonistic on this mineral

Magnesium

May be involved in methylation of histones

Arsenic

Decreased : growth, water consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure are from what mineral deficiency?

Sodium

This mineral will be isotonic in the feces

Increased t suppresses in a deficiency of this mineral

In the kidneys, blank is retained and K is excreted

Sweat can account for 25% of this minerals excretion

Magnesium

This mineral is high in forage

These five minerals are referred to as electrolytes

Sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium

Involved in carb,fat,protein metabolism as a cofactors intracellularly

Magnesium.

Mineral involved in increasing fat mobilization

Iodine

Increased fat levels may prevent this mineral(s) absorption.

Ca, mg

This mineral is absorbed primarily in the rumen

Magnesium.

This mineral can be found in bile

Iodine

Decreased plasma fluid volume is associated with this mineral deficiency

Sodium

Per oxidase acts on this mineral

Iodine

This mineral may enhance marbling score

Magnesium

Component of thyroxine

Iodine

This mineral is added to salt

Sodium, chloride, iodine

May alter fat in blood

During a nerve impulse, what moves in causing depolarization? What moves out for repolarization?

Na, K

DCAD is made up of ...

Na, k, cl, s

This mineral is found in saliva and thyroid

Iodine

Edema and poor feathering might be caused by what toxicity ?

Salt, Na cl

May alter lipid metabolism

Enhance reproduction, may be involved in forming sex hormones

Increased cholesterol synthesis when deficient in this mineral

This mineral can increase water excretion not considering sodium.

Magnesium.

Lack of sensing ability

A deficiency causes decreased egg production

Iodine

Thiourea and sulfonamide decrease oxidation of this mineral

Iodine

Needed for mucopolysaccardies

This mineral is neede for ATP configuration

Magnesium.

Adding or removing these minerals prevents milk fever

Remove Na,k | Add cl, of s

Foot rot may be caused by

Iodine

This deficiency of this mineral may cause softening of the bone

RBcs hemolysis

This may cause autoimmune thyroidosis

Iodine

Olfactory disorder

Used as a digestibility market

Can be transported by transferrin

Gustin... Saliva

Still births and hair loss

Iodine

Increased uptake during an iron deficiency

Myxedema, yellow skin

Iodine

Toxicity of this mineral can cause dermatitis, and respiratory irritation

This mineral is involved in energy metabolism

Iodide

Present in carbonic anhydrase

Zn, cu, mn compete for binding sites with this mineral

Retained yolk sac caused by

Iodine

Levels of this mineral increase in plasma in response to glucose

Increases catabolism and anabolism of proteins

Iodine

Calcium antagonizes this mineral

Hair loss, thickening of skin

Iodine

Improvement in. Immune function

Jaundice, as cites,

Arsenic

May improve glucose tolerance

Chromium

This mineral is in pancreatic secretions

Zn....insulin

May bind to metallothuenin

Zn, cu

An increase in histidine increases thus minerals absorption.

Amino acids complex this mineral

Decreased hatchability is associated with this mineral deficiency

Iodine

Prevents para keratosis

This mineral is found on thyroglobulin

Iodine

Lack of myelination

RNA DNA ratio reduced

Can bind to RBcs and remain retained for duration of RBcs

Grayish blue solid , violet purple gas

Iodide

Found in sponges to prevent goiter

Iodine

This deficiency causes decreased hatchability

Iodine

Similiar to sulfur and can replace sulfur

Hypersensitivity to nitrogen when deficient

Can cause pyrosis and chondrodystrophy

Goiter from this deficiency

Iodine

Component of hemoglobin.

In semen/sperm

Component of cytochromes and flavoproteins

Iron

Reduced egg production

May improve reproduction

Effects thymus and immune system

Sugars may enhance this minerals uptake

In the intestine, hydrogen may be transferred for this minerals entry into the epithelial cell

Sodium.

Too high of these minerals may cause retained placenta, and displaced abomasum

Na, k

These two minerals are needed for hemoglobin synthesis

Fe, cu

Component off several enzymes

Parrot beak- dystrophy

May enhance fat mobilization / lipase activity

An excess of this mineral is stored as ferritin in the mucosal

Released during blood coagulation

Mineral in RBcs and used to prevent anemia

Iron

Metallothuenin

May chelate with phytase

Nervousness , and heme concentration increases could be caused by a deficiency of..

Na, or Cl

Ceruloplamsin contains this mineral

Lysine accumulates in cell because of this minerals deficiency

Amino acids, lysine and histidine improve this minerals uptake

Phosphates, oxalates, and phytase decrease this minerals absorption

Membrane in eye

This mineral is stored in liver, bone marrow, spleen

Blood meal or poultry meal contains high levels of this mineral

May increase healing time, hence better immune response

Phosphovitin transports this mineral to the egg yolk

Adrenal hypertrophy, creating a hyper secretion of aldosterone could be caused by what mineral deficiency?

Sodium

Sore mouth and tongue cause by deficiency of

Limb stiffness

Ceruloplasmin contains

Placental necrosis

A decrease in this mineral may decrease PVC

May act as a growth promotant

Decrease saturated fat and increase unsaturated

Zinc can reduce toxic effects of this mineral

Gossypol

Makes up glucose tolerance factor

Chromium

Lead toxicity occurs during this mineral deficiency

These minerals can cause phytotoxicity

P,zn

The bursa may contain these two minerals

Zn, fe

High levels of zn,mn. Reduce this minerals absorption.

Copper may be a proton donor in the conversion of this mineral

Iron

Late sexual maturity

Zn, mn, co, ni, cr, increase absorption when their is a deficiency of this mineral

These 4 minerals may be critical for bone mineralization

Fe. Mn co, I

Cytochrome oxidase

Forms absorbable complexes with amino acids

ThiN shelled, shell less eggs

Glucose mediated active transport

Zinc

Slip tendon

Increase iron levels cause this minerals deficiency

Component of insulin

Needed to activate enzymes

Salt lick is a deficient In what mineral

Copper is needed to transport this mineral out of the mucosa

Liver is main site of metabolism

Can impair cell mediated immune system

Reduced ecoli colonization

Concentrated in nuclear fraction and mito of liver

Myoglobin

Involved in RBcs formation

Cu fe

Degeneration of brain stem

Superoxide dismutase

Cu, mn,

Achromotrichia

Copper

This mineral contains characteristic methyl groups

Arsenic

Degeneration of liver, kidney, brain

Lysine oxidase

Dihydroxy-- phenylalanine for toxicity

Ca, p antagonistic on it

Ascorbic acid may improve this minerals uptake

Can be found in lysozymes

Succinct dehydrogenase

Act as a coccidiostat/antibiotic

Lack of comb development and retarded skeletal development

Silicon

May accumulate as ferritin or hemosiderin

Iron

Simple diffusion is the means of absorption primarily for this electrolyte

Lack of this mineral can cause testicular degeneration

Mn, se

Involved in transport of iron

Zinc has negative interaction with this minera

Cu fe

Can cross blood brain barrier

May be in loved in with growth hormone production.

Tyrosinase/melanin

Prevents plaque by stopping glycolysis

May reduce dust potential

Component of glutathione per oxidase

Jaundice

Availability in crops varies among regions

Toxicity causes tooth decay

High levels of this mineral decrease zinc toxicity

Involved in immune response

Transported to liver by b globulins

May exacerbate copper and iron deficiency

Galactose mine, glucosamine, hexuronic acid

Calcification in inner ear

Arrested bone reabsorbtion

Milk fever

Pinocytotic absorption of this mineral

Dmt1

May stimulate growth hormone

May be an oxidant and interacts with vitamin e

Excreted through bile

Required for urease activity

Nickel

At high levels this mineral can be found in skin hair and nails due to its association with sh- groups, in low levels, it can be undetectable

Arsenic

Spontaneous absorption

Vanadium

Pyruvate carboxylase, polymerase, acetyl coa carboxylase, lactose synthase

Increased mitotic activity

Protein and energy digestion reduced

May substitute for oh and bicarb in bone

Ataxia

Found in soft rock before processing

P, f

Albumen transported

Toxicity causes anemia, interacting with iron

A treatment for osteoporosis

Ca, f

Interchangeable in enzymes withy mg

Used as a poison

Arsenic

May control enzymes by inhibiting them

Boron

Not listed as an essential mineral

Issues with keratinization

Keshawn disease

Stimulates osteoblastic activity

May play a role in enzyme reactions, replacing P, or reacting with sulfa hydrol groups

Arsenic

Neurological disturbance, like parkensins

Components of bone

Ca, p, mg, Na, f

Increased absorption in lactose, mannose, inositol presence

Shortening and thickening of bones

May be lost in sweat/bile

Was used as a "cure" for various diseases and illnesses such as: syphilis, malaria, tb, diabetes

Arsenic

Decrease hatchability

Stabilizes and strengthens bone

Might prevent leg issues from vitamin d deficiency

Boron

Banned as a food preservative

Boron

Toxicity reported in frogs, guinea pigs, pigeons

Vanadium

Needed for enzyme activity in anaerobic microbes

Nickel

Hematopoietic depression

Arsenic

May see skin issues, hair loss

Arsenic

Can be transported by transferrin

May act as a growth promotant

Toxicity causes bone deformities

Transmanganin

Portal cirrhosis

Arsenic

PTH increases reabsorbtion in kidney of these two minerals

Ca, mg

Decreases bone solubility

Toxicity destroys enamel

Galactotransferase

Involved in redox enzymes

Nickel

Loss of teeth

F, p

Encephalomalacia

Toxic levels of this mineral increase cardiac output and might induce a heart attack.

Potassium

May decrease cholesterol

Deficiency looks similiar to a.a deficiency

Toxicity reported in Iceland

Effects membrane stability

Boron

Connective tissue contains most of this mineral

Silicon

Insulin mimicking mineral

Vanadium

Less toxic than selenium

Arsenic

Irregular estrus

Large amounts of this mineral are found in bile and pancreatic juices

Magnesium

Avimanganin

Deficiency alters bone and connective tissue development

Silicon

May effect methiOne metabolism

Arsenic

Absorption from iron deficiency

Depress reproduction and glucose levels

Toxic levels may reduce antioxidant enzymes

Silicon

Giving zn or cadmium may reduce toxic effects of this mineral

Prevents coast disease/waste disease

Cobalt

Component of plant an animal tissue

Cross linking agent in connective tissue

Silicon

Histidine involvement (2)

Cr, fe

Probably transported with methionine

Component of cobalamin / b12

Cobalt

Can complex with calcium and not be absorbed

Ca/p

Prevents liver necrosis from vit e deficiency

Antiatheroma effect

Silicon

Thyroid and adrenal glands have higher levels of this mineral

Green tongue

Vanadium

Mucosal block theory states this mineral is saturated in intestine, absorption stops.

Lacks stable isotopes for metabolism studies

Boron

Lipotropic action.. Reduce liver and bone fat

Bursa may have increased levels of this mineral

Can be found in plants, beer, wine, nuts, legumes

Boron

Alkali disease / blind staggers

Deformities of long bones

Vit. B 12 may be needed for biological role of this mineral

Transported in blood by alpha and beta globulins

Basic amino acids increase absorption

Toxicity causes polycythemia ( increase RBcs)

Cobalt

Inhibits atpases, contaminant of ATP

Vanadium

Interacts and is effected by vitamin e

Thromboplastin release

Phytase prevents this minerals absorption.

Can cause garlic breath

Treatment of milk fever

Ca, mg

Can complex with feO in acidic soils

Testicular degeneration

Mn, se

Pepsin

More available in reduced state

Androgens, estrogen

Exudative diathesis, destruction of cell wall, oxidant ants , leaking

Limestone

Ca, p

Xanthine oxidase

Nitrogen digestibility reduced

Downer sow syndrome

Complexes with mg and becomes unabsorbable

Aids in retention and spares vitamin e

Selenium

Component of certain cytochromes

Acidic amino acids decrease absorption

More of this mineral is needed when fed high pufa or iron

Found in bile (4)

Mg, I, mn, ni

Used as a food preservative

Boron

Discovered by Davy, Berzelius, and pontin

Selenocysteine/methiOne contain this mineral

Renal calculi

Silicon

High ingestion caused death

May induce expression of heat shock proteins

Arsenic

Lab glassware contains this mineral

Boron

Resorption of fetus

May volatilize a low temp than used for ash determination

Boron

Aortic rupture caused by this mineral

5th most abundant mineral

Purified from urine

Biosynthesis of ubiquinone/coq

Rickets, osteomalacia

Ca,p

Hyper secretion of calcitonin

Hump back syndrome,e

Muscle spasms

Suggestion as a carcinogen and anti cancer

Urinary calculi

Antioxidant

Degeneration of pancreas and enzymes, reducing fat absorption

Osteoporosis

P, ca

Kidney stones

Prevention of foot rot

Selenium

Interacts with antibiotics

High protein products contain more of this mineral

Can be solibolized in hcl

Blood urea and ammonia concentration change

Can be found in soil

Fat decreases this minerals absorption

Muscular dystrophy

Loss of crimp in wool/ poor feathering

May effect brain electrical impulses

Boron

Low doses of arsenic prevent this minerals toxicity

May bind with picolinate or citric acid

Located in phytin, removed through phytase

Methylated and excreted in urine

Regulated by law

Uptake unaffected by sucrose fructose, glucose

Binds to mercury

PTH increases excretion of these minerals

P, Na. K

High concentration in bones, nails, teeth

Boron

Decrease serum creatine

Boron

Thyroxine decreases

Calcitonin effects these three minerals

Ca, p, Na

Glucocorticoids decrease this minerals level

Egg shell

PTH controls

P, ca

Extra cellular... Intracellular..

Ca, p

Decreased chemo taxis in neutrophils

Deficiency increases serum triglycerides

Born

Minerals complexed by phytate

Ca, p, zn, cu, co, mn ,mg,

4th most abundant

Brewers yeast, better absorbed in organic form

Decreased rumen bacteria

Magnesium

6th most abundant

7th most abundant

Clot formation

Increasing Na excretion increases this minerals excretion

Make up macro minerals

Na, k , cl, p, ca, mg

Micro minerals

Cu,fe,zn,mn,se,cr,I,f,si

Reduces serum lipoprotein in a deficiency

May modify trans membrane signals

Boron

Lack of incisor pigmentation

Boron

Can detoxify heavy metal toxicity

Mat stimulate PTH secretion

Glaciers caused high levels

Increased absorption during an iron deficiency (4)

Cr, ni, mn, cu

Clouding of cornea, respiratory failure

Lost in sweat

Mg, Ni

Testicular degeneration ((2)

Mn, se

Egg production (2)

I, cu

New tissue formed during this deficiency lacks tensile strength

Hatchability

Mn, I

Increasing peptide increases this minerals absorption.

Asperemia

Boron

Jaundice. (2)

Arsenic, copper

Interacts with iron binding sites (3)

Zn, cu, mn

Nearly 100% of this mineral is absorbed in the intestine

Sodium

Involved in reproduction in some manner

Zn, se, cr, cu, mn

Leaching into potable water table when misused

Excessive salivation

Toxicity seen in factory workers

This cyanate ions prevent this minerals uptake

Iodine

Transferrin carry (2)

Cr, mn

This mineral is thought to have healing properties

Magnesium

Decrease calcitonin in a deficiency

Boron

Anorexia

Decreases blood glucose in deficiency

Boron

May be a neuro toxic compound

Vanadium

Reduction in lipase and trypsin

Can't be measured on atomic absorbance

For mic dehydrogenase

Reduces post weaning diarrhea

Glycine reductase

GPx requires these two minerals to function

Cu, se

In gas form is respiratory irritant

3 minerals absorbed based only needs of animal

Ca, zn, fe

Impaired ovarian development

Boron

Decomposes violently in water

In a deficiency, protein and energy utilization is reduced

Can cause anemia

Boron

Depressed by silicon in a.a.

3 minerals cause resorption of fetus

Mn, se, vanadium

Involved In glycolysis, cac, PPP,

Improves glucose absorbance

Required for proper heart function

Na, k ,cl

In trivalent form , this mineral is nearly unabsorbable

Involved in lipid metabolism

Lethargy

Metallothuenin synthesizes is induced by tHis mineral

Beneficial effects may be seen in diabetics from this mineral

Hypo chromic

Carcinogenic

Chromium

Paralysis and coma

Lung cancer, respiratory irritant

Involved in protein metabolism

Ulcers in rumen and abomasum in toxic levels

Scanty hair

Boron

Weakness and stiffness

Colonic convulsions

Decreased alkaline phosphotase

Boron

Decrease bold urea nitrogen

Boron

Cardiac failure

In high levels can be found in skin hair and nails

Arsenic

Deficiency causes fragile bones

Influence extra cellular and intracellular calcium release

Boron

Loss of deep tendon reflex in toxic

May regulate gene expression

Arsenic

Prevent death of liver cells in rats

Enlargement of hocks

Cartilage issues

Cu, si

Toxicity causes skin issues

Arsenic

Fructose increases this minerals absorption

Secreted from pancreas each time animal eats

Hyperemia(dilation of blood vessels), ears turn red

Dwarfs ism

Epsom salts

Slow development of secondary sex characteristics

Zn/mn

Oxalis acid forms precipitate with this mineral

This mineral may be transported with sodium

Involved In activity of atpases

Not affected greatly by fiber to phytate

Toxicity can cause liver and kidney damage

Changes in cartilage (2)

Silicon and zinc(deficiency)

Lysine oxidase involved in cartilage and matrix formatij, in a deficiency this can't happen

Calcification of soft tissue in deficiency

May concentrate in kidney, liver, testes, bone

Vanadium

Alcohol can cause a deficient of the mineral

Incisor malformation in deficiency

Dental caries

Sway back

Deficiency causes convulsions and tremors

Ulceration of nasal septum in toxicity

Cartilage defects

Si, mn

Diarrhea in toxicity

Intracellular ion,

Neurological issues

Deficiency causes increase body fat

Activity of choline esterase

Minerals Flashcards

(474 cards)