Minerals

Question 1

Is calcium a major or minor mineral?

Answer 1

Major

Question 2

What are the 4 functions of calcium?

Answer 2

Skeleton component
Blood coagulation
Regulation of Ca and P
Nerve & muscle cell excitability

Question 3

What are 6 sources of calcium?

Answer 3

Milk
Meat 
Eggs
Greens
Silage
Hay

Question 4

What 4 factors affect calcium absorption?

Answer 4

Bound as phytates in plants
Bound as oxalates when binds to insoluble salts
Binds to fatty acids to form insoluble soaps
Inflamed mucosa cannot absorb Ca

Question 5

What can hypocalcaemia lead to?

Answer 5

Milk fever (few days after birth, rumen stasis, paralysis, dilate pupils)
Osteodystrophy
Rickets

Question 6

Is calcium mainly in ICF or ECF?

Answer 6

ECF

Question 7

What is used as a corrective source of hypocalcaemia?

Answer 7

Limestone

Question 8

Is phosphorus a major or minor mineral?

Answer 8

Major

Question 9

What is the function of phosphorus?

Answer 9

Same as calcium

1. Bone component
2. Nerve/muscle excitability
3. Blood coagulation
4. Regulation of Ca and P

Question 10

What are sources of phosphorus in a 1:1 ratio with calcium?

Answer 10

Milk
Meat
Eggs
Greens
Hay
Silage

Question 11

What 2 factors affect absorption of phosphorus?

Answer 11

Bound as oxalates and phytates in plants

Excess Ca inhibits P absorption and vice versa

Question 12

What is a result of hypophophataemia?

Answer 12

Osteomalacia (bone softening)
Abnormal bone growth
Stereotypies

Question 13

What is the correct ratio of Ca:P?

Answer 13

1:1 - 2:1

Question 14

Is magnesium a major or trace mineral?

Answer 14

Major

Question 15

What are the three functions of magnesium?

Answer 15

Enzyme function
Muscle contraction
Propagation of nerve impulses

Question 16

What are 5 sources of magnesium?

Answer 16

Chlorophyll
Meat
Bone
Colostrum
Magnesite

Question 17

Which two minerals decrease magnesium intake?

Answer 17

Copper

Phytate bound phosphorus

Question 18

What does hypomagnaesia cause?

Answer 18

Dullness
Sensitive skin
Grass staggers (recumbency, convulsion, death)

Question 19

Why may grass staggers occur?

Answer 19

Low magnesium in grass due to season,weather, stress

Question 20

Which other two minerals are related to magnesium?

Answer 20

Ca, P

Question 21

What is the body reserve for magnesium?

Answer 21

NONE

Relies solely on dietary intake

Question 22

Is copper a major or trace mineral?

Answer 22

Trace

Question 23

What are the 5 functions of copper?

Answer 23

Plasma proteins, blood proteins,enzymes, hair/wool/feathers, immune function

Question 24

What copper compound is most readily absorbed? What is worst absorbed?

Answer 24

CuSO4

Metallic copper

Question 25

What do rumen microbes produce that binds to and affects absorption of copper?

Answer 25

Thiomolybdate

Question 26

What are the results of a copper deficiency?

Answer 26

Poor wool, hair, feathers. Pigmentation loss
Anaemia
Swayback in sheeps
Cardiovascular disease

Question 27

Where is copper stored and released?

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

What is a copper deficiency most common in?

Answer 28

Cattle

Sheep

Question 29

Copper toxicity can lead to…

Answer 29

Jaundice
Appetite loss
Coma
Death