Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

a solid or aggregate of one or more minerals

Answer 1

rocks

Question 2

naturally occurring, inorganic solids with definite chemical composition and crystalline structure

Answer 2

minerals

Question 3

the study of minerals

Answer 3

mineralogy

Question 4

rocks are technically classified into three types

Answer 4

igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

Question 5

two types of igneous rocks

Answer 5

intrusive and extrusive

Question 6

also known as “plutonic rocks” and is formed from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface

Answer 6

intrusive igneous

Question 7

these rocks develop large crystals; course-grained

Answer 7

intrusive igneous

Question 8

also known as “volcanic rocks” and is formed from the rapid cooling of lava on the Earth’s surface

Answer 8

extrusive igneous

Question 9

these rocks develop little to no crystals; fine-grained; glossy surface

Answer 9

extrusive igneous

Question 10

coarse-grained (very rough), fine-grained (rough), and glassy (smooth)

Answer 10

texture

Question 11

composition of igneous rocks

Answer 11

felsic, mafic, intermediate, ultramafic

Question 12

is high in silica and has a light color

Answer 12

felsic

Question 13

e.g. granite and rhyolite

Answer 13

felsic

Question 14

low in silica and has a dark color

Answer 14

mafic

Question 15

e.g. basalt and gabbro

Answer 15

mafic

Question 16

is between felsic and mafic

Answer 16

intermediate

Question 17

e.g. andesite and diorite

Answer 17

intermediate

Question 18

very low in silica and very high in magnesium and iron

Answer 18

ultramafic

Question 19

e.g. peridotite

Answer 19

ultramafic

Question 20

uses for igneous rock

Answer 20

mining because igneous rocks contain precious minerals and metals; can be used for geothermal energy

Question 21

rocks that are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, which are particles derived from the weathering and erosion of existing rocks

Answer 21

sedimentary rocks

Question 22

formation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 22

weathering, erosion and transport, deposition, compaction and cementation

Question 23

breakdown of rocks

Answer 23

weathering

Question 24

the movement of sediments carried out by water, wind, or gravity

Answer 24

erosion and transport

Question 25

accumulation of the sediments

Answer 25

deposition

Question 26

the sediments are glued together over time

Answer 26

compaction and cementation

Question 27

three types of sedimentary rocks

Answer 27

clastic, chemical, organic

Question 28

formed from mechanical weathering debris

Answer 28

clastic sedimentary

Question 29

e.g. conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

Answer 29

clastic sedimentary

Question 30

formed from the precipitation of minerals from water

Answer 30

chemical sedimentary

Question 31

e.g. limestone, halite, and gypsum

Answer 31

chemical sedimentary

Question 32

formed from the accumulation of organic materials

Answer 32

organic sedimentary

Question 33

e.g. coal and chalk

Answer 33

organic sedimentary

Question 34

clastic, chemical, and organic

Answer 34

texture

Question 35

composition of clastic sedimentary

Answer 35

types of minerals and rock particles

Question 36

composition of chemical sedimentary

Answer 36

minerals deposited from a solution

Question 37

composition of organic sedimentary

Answer 37

living matter

Question 38

uses of sedimentary rock

Answer 38

foundation for construction and buildings; source of energy; chemical and industrial uses; agriculture

Question 39

formed when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure

Answer 39

metamorphic rocks

Question 40

formation of metamorphic rocks

Answer 40

heat, pressure, chemically active fluids

Question 41

it raises the temperature of a rock forming crystals without it melting

Answer 41

heat

Question 42

applies stress to rocks, leading to equal distribution of minerals

Answer 42

pressure

Question 43

alters the composition of rocks promoting growth of new minerals

Answer 43

chemically active fluids

Question 44

types of metamorphism

Answer 44

contact, regional

Question 45

rocks are heated near magma or lava; covers a small area; results in non-foliated rocks

Answer 45

contact metamorphism

Question 46

rocks are pressed by direct pressure; covers a large area; results in foliated rocks

Answer 46

regional metamorphism

Question 47

types of metamorphic rocks

Answer 47

foliated, non-foliated

Question 48

formed from directed pressure; rocks form visible layers

Answer 48

foliated

Question 49

e.g. slate, schist, and gneiss

Answer 49

foliated

Question 50

formed from uniform pressure; rocks do not form layers

Answer 50

non-foliated

Question 51

e.g. marble, quartzite, and anthracite

Answer 51

non-foliated

Question 52

foliated and non-foliated

Answer 52

texture

Question 53

determined by its mineral content

Answer 53

composition

Question 54

uses of metamorphic rocks

Answer 54

construction and building materials; industrial applications; can be used as an energy resource; material for sculpting; used in chemical and industrial applications

Question 55

explains the alteration of rocks over time through geological processes and explains the cycle of igneous to metamorphic and vice versa

Answer 55

the rock cycle

Question 56

from igneous to sedimentary

Answer 56

igneous rocks undergo weathering and erosion where they are broken down into smaller particles. these particles get transported into an environment by wind, water, gravity. over time, the particles start to settle leading to compaction and cementation

Question 57

from sedimentary to metamorphic

Answer 57

sedimentary rocks are buried far below the earth's crust where the temperature is high. this subjects the rocks to pressure and heat up, causing them to recrystallize

Question 58

from metamorphic to igneous

Answer 58

metamorphic rocks melt (magma) and cool down eventually over time