Mixed CGP Questions

Question 1

What substances are transported in blood plasma

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide, hormones, digested food

Question 2

Why may a platelet deficiency increase the risk of a paper cut

Answer 2

• the wound is unable to seal
• increased blood loss
• pathogens are able to enter the wound
• increased risk of disease or infection

Question 3

Describe the roles of the arteries and veins

Answer 3

Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood towards the heart

Question 4

How does deoxygenated blood pass through the heart to reach the lungs

Answer 4

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava into the right atrium where it is pumped into the right ventricle where it is transported to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

Question 5

Why does a cats heart rate increase when a dog barks at them

Answer 5

• sensed threat of the dog causes the release of secreted adrenaline from the adrenal glands
• this adrenaline binds to specific receptors in the heart
• this causes cardiac muscles to contract more frequently and with more strength

Question 6

What are some adaptations of wind pollinated plants

Answer 6

Long filaments hang outside of the flower so that pollen is blown away
Feathery stigmas are efficient at catching pollen getting blown through the air

Question 7

How does a seed form when a pollen grain from one plant lands on the stigma of another plant

Answer 7

Pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain down through the style to the ovary an into the ovule, a nucleus from a pollen grain moves down the pollen tube through the style and meets an ovum in the ovule, the two fuse during fertilisation to produce a zygote, which divides by mitosis to form an embryo which produces a seed

Question 8

Why may a plant with green leaves struggle to grow with the absence of carbon dioxide

Answer 8

Normally plants with green leaves would photosynthesis
As there is no carbon dioxide, photosynthesis can not occur
They have also used up their food stores, which means they are unable to get energy

Question 9

What could a control tube look like in a germination investigation

Answer 9

A tube kept at room temperature with a water supply

Question 10

What is required for germination

Answer 10

Water - to activate the enzymes that break down food reserves
Oxygen - for aerobic respiration
Temperature - to allow optimal enzyme activity

Question 11

What are runners

Answer 11

Fast growing stems that grow sideways and are released just above the surface, taking root, leading to growth

Question 12

How is semen produced

Answer 12

Liquid from glands reacts with sperm cells

Question 13

Give 4 structures from the female reproductive system and give their functions

Answer 13

Fallopian tube transports an ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Ovary is where the female gamete ovum is produced
Vagina is where sperm are deposited
Uterus is where a growing embryo can be contained

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating egg maturation

Answer 14

FSH

Question 15

What does a rise in oestrogen cause

Answer 15

Ovulation/release of the egg

Question 16

give the role of 2 named enzymes in the production of plasmids

Answer 16

restriction enzyme cuts the DNA
Ligase binds DNA to plasmid

Question 17

what is the role of the temperature monitor and cooling jacket

Answer 17

ensures temperature does not get too high so that enzymes do not denature
monitors temperature and allows water to enter if it gets too high
allows for fermentation reactions

Question 18

why does heart rate increase while you are cycling

Answer 18

ventilation rate increases as you need more oxygen for aerobic respiration to produce more ATP for increased muscle contraction, breathes per minute and the volume of air you take in also increases

Question 19

why is there a wider range of variation in height than in feather type

Answer 19

height can depend on sex and is polygenic which means it depends on a combination of genes
feather type is discontinuous meaning that there is not a range of possible values
height can depend on activity levels as well as the diet of the organism

Question 20

what is the role of amylase and where is it produced

Answer 20

mouth and pancreas, it digests starch into maltose

Question 21

what may a person with deficiencies in vitamin C, fibre, and calcium suffer from

Answer 21

increased risk of rickets, constipation, and scurvy

Question 22

what does iron deficiency lead to the risk of

Answer 22

anaemia

Question 23

what carbohydrate would you expect to find in an ungerminated seed

Answer 23

starch

Question 24

explain the difference in carbohydrate composition between germinated and ungerminated seeds

Answer 24

germinated = amylase breaks down starch into glucose for respiration for energy
ungerminated = starch for storage + insoluble

Question 25

how may an animal adapt to live at high altitudes due to an increased number of red blood cells

Answer 25

mutations occur causing genetic variation those with increased red blood cells could transport more oxygen so would survive more at high altitudes than those without the characteristic they reproduce, passing down their desired allele and over many generations the allele becomes stronger

Question 26

why is the composition of air in exhalation different to the air in the alveoli

Answer 26

gas exchange occurs in the alveoli exhaled air is a mixture of inhaled air and alveoli air gas exchange does not occur in the bronchioles

Question 27

what happens when a high glucose level is detected in the body

Answer 27

insulin is released from the pancreas causing the liver to remove glucose from the blood and store it as a substance called glycogen

Question 28

discuss the effects of using pesticides vs biological control

Answer 28

biological control is longer lasting, less expensive pesticides will become less affective after 6 months with no treatment pests will increase pests may develop mutations for pesticides and become resistant and cause natural selection to occur

Question 30

Comment on energy transfers in an ecosystem

Answer 30

Less organisms at top of the pyramid Energy lost by respiration and movement Not all of an organism is eaten Excretion loses energy Energy is lost by heat

Question 31

Describe the difference between a cell in distilled water as opposed to concentrated sodium chloride

Answer 31

Distilled - turgid, water enters the cell by osmosis from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration Cytoplasm is pushed against the cell wall

Question 32

Describe an experiment to show how different concentrations of sodium chloride affect the appearance of plant cells

Answer 32

Immerse onion epidermic in different concentrations of sodium chloride Leave for an hour Using a microscope observe any changes

Question 33

Explain how increasing size of adrenal glands and the amount of neurotransmitters will affect rat behaviour

Answer 33

Increased adrenaline produced so increased effect on heart rate Increased neurotransmitters can increase reaction time

Question 34

Explain what happens when the iris does not block light

Answer 34

Pupil lights Increased light enters the eye And damages the retina

Question 35

Explain how a farmer can selectively breed different varieties of wheat

Answer 35

Cross breed wheat with desired characteristics Reproduce offspring with desirable characteristics Desired allele will get stronger over many generations Repeat

Question 36

why is actual response time different to the time taken for a nerve impulse to travel

Answer 36

actual response is slower as time taken for muscle to contract there is time taken for chemical diffusion via a synapse neurotransmitter

Question 37

how is yeast used to produce bread

Answer 37

yeast respires aerobically then respires anaerobically maltase is used to convert starch to maltose c02 is produced and creates air bubbles bread expands

Question 38

why is selective breeding with plants better than selective breeding with animals

Answer 38

plants can produce asexually/by self pollination animals need time to develop plants produce an increased yield and are easier to control environment

Question 39

what is the role of the placenta

Answer 39

provides fetus with oxygen allows diffusion secretes hormones removes co2 and urea