Modalities

Question 1

Physiological effects of heat application

Answer 1

Increased:
-CO
-Vasodilation
-HR
-RR
-Metabolic rate

Decreased:
-Muscle activity
-BP
-Blood flow to resting mm
-SV

Question 2

Physiological effects of cold application

Answer 2

Increased:
-Joint stiffness
-P! threshold
-Muscle activity

Decreased:
-Collagen extensibility
-Blood flow
-Spasticity
-NCV

Question 3

Hot pack treatment parameters

Answer 3

Temp: 158-167 F
Duration: 20-30min (peak heat in first 5min)

Question 4

Cold pack treatment parameters

Answer 4

Temp: 25 F
Duration: 10-20min

Question 5

Stages of cold

Answer 5

CBAN:
1. Cold
2. Burning
3. Aching
4. Numb

Question 6

Contraindications to superficial thermal

Answer 6

-Arterial disease
-Bleeding
-Area of poor circulation
-Area of malignancy
-Thrombophlebitis
-Impaired sensation
-Impaired cognition
-Infrared irradiation of eyes

Question 7

Contraindications to superficial cryo

Answer 7

Conditions causing cold intolerance:
-Raynaud’s
-Cold hypersensitivity
-Cryoglobulinemia
-Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Other:
-Over-regenerating peripheral N
-Poor circulation

Question 8

E-Stim for mm strengthening: frequency

Answer 8

35-80pps

Question 9

E-Stim for mm strengthening: pulse duration

Answer 9

Small muscles = 150-200us
Large muscles = 200-350us

Question 10

E-Stim for mm strengthening: amplitude

Answer 10

Injured = 10% MVIC
Uninjured = 50% MVIC

Question 11

E-Stim for mm strengthening: times/durations

Answer 11

-On/off ratio = 1:5 (on 6-10s, off 50-120s)
-Ramp time >2s.
-Treatment time = 10-20min or 10-20 reps.

Question 12

HVPC is used for…

Answer 12

Wound healing.

Question 13

HVPC positive vs. negative polarity indications

Answer 13

-Negative: healing inflamed or infected wounds.
-Positive: healing wounds w/o inflammation (proliferative phase).

Question 14

HVPC frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, & treatment time

Answer 14

Freq = 100-105pps
Pulse = 100us
Amp = comfortable tingle
Time = 45-60min

Question 15

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: scars

Answer 15

Iodine
Negative

Question 16

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: analgesic

Answer 16

-Sodium Salicylate (Negative)
-Lidocaine (Positive)

Question 17

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: calcium deposits

Answer 17

Acetic Acid
Negative

Question 18

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: MSK inflammation

Answer 18

Dexamethasone
Negative

Question 19

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: dermal ulcers

Answer 19

Zinc
Positive

Question 20

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: fungal infection

Answer 20

Copper
Positive

Question 21

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: edema

Answer 21

Hyaluronidase
Positive

Question 22

Iontophoresis ion & polarity for: muscle spasms

Answer 22

Calcium or Magnesium
Positive

Question 23

TENS type for acute pain

Answer 23

High rate (sensory stimulation)

Question 24

TENS types for motor stimulation

Answer 24

-Low rate (acupuncture-like)
-Brief intense

Question 25

TENS type for noxious

Answer 25

Hyperstimulation

Question 26

TENS High Rate: frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, & treatment time

Answer 26

Freq = 100pps Pulse = 50-100us Amplitude = comfortable tingle Tx = 20-30min

Question 27

TENS Low Rate: frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, & treatment time

Answer 27

Freq = <10pps Pulse = >150us Amplitude = visible twitch Tx = 20-45min

Question 28

TENS Brief Intense: frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, & treatment time

Answer 28

Freq = 100pps Pulse = >150us Amplitude = strong twitch Tx = <15min

Question 29

TENS Hyperstimulation: frequency, pulse duration, amplitude, & treatment time

Answer 29

Freq (high) = 100pps Freq (low) = 1-5pps Pulse = >250us Amplitude = highest tolerance Tx = 30-60sec

Question 30

Waveforms for High Rate, Low Rate, & Brief Intense

Answer 30

-Pulsed monophasic -Pulsed biphasic

Question 31

Waveforms for Hyperstimulation

Answer 31

-Monophasic -DC

Question 32

Ultrasound duty cycle equation

Answer 32

On time / (On time + Off time)

Question 33

Thermal US indications

Answer 33

-Soft tissue shortening -Pain

Question 34

Non-Thermal US indications

Answer 34

-Delayed healing -Inflammation

Question 35

Thermal US duty cycle

Answer 35

100%

Question 36

Non-Thermal US duty cycle

Answer 36

20%

Question 37

US frequency if depth of problem is 1-2cm

Answer 37

3 MHz

Question 38

US frequency if depth of problem is 3-5cm

Answer 38

1 MHz

Question 39

US intensity if using 3MHz

Answer 39

0.5 W/cm2

Question 40

US intensity if using 1MHz

Answer 40

1.5-2 W/cm2

Question 41

US for acute problems: ideal intensity? Pulsed or continuous?

Answer 41

<1 W/cm2 Pulsed

Question 42

US for chronic problems: ideal intensity? Pulsed or continuous?

Answer 42

>1 W/cm2 Continuous

Question 43

EMG sensitivity & electrode placement for muscle relaxation

Answer 43

Low sensitivity Close together electrodes

Question 44

EMG sensitivity & electrode placement for muscle re-education

Answer 44

High sensitivity Far apart electrodes

Question 45

Lumbar traction: supine is best for?

Answer 45

Intervertebral joints Facet joints Mm elongation

Question 46

Lumbar traction: prone is best for?

Answer 46

Posterior disc herniation

Question 47

Lumbar traction: position to increase intervertebral space between L5-S1

Answer 47

45-60 hip flex

Question 48

Lumbar traction: position to increase intervertebral space between L3-L4

Answer 48

75-90 hip flex

Question 49

Lumbar traction: when to use 25% BW?

Answer 49

Disc protrusion Mm spasm Mm elongation

Question 50

Lumbar traction: when to use 50% BW?

Answer 50

Joint distraction

Question 51

Traction contraindications

Answer 51

-Immobilization -Acute injury -Acute inflammation -Joint hypermobility or instability -Peripheralization of symptoms with traction -Uncontrolled HTN