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Flashcards in Module 1 Deck (43)
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1
Q

3 States of Health

A
  1. Desirable Nutrition
  2. Overnutrition
  3. Undernutrition (Malnutrition)
2
Q

Nutritional Assessment

A
A - Anthropometric
B - Biological
C - Clinical
D - Dietary
E - Environmental
3
Q

MyPlate Concepts

A
  1. Balance
  2. Moderation
  3. Variety
4
Q

Essential Nutrients

A

Protein, Fat/Lipids, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

5
Q

Macronutrient

A

needed in large amounts in the body (protein, carbohydrates, lipids/fat, water

6
Q

Micronutrient

A

needed in small amounts in the body (vitamins, minerals)

7
Q

Organic

A

compound that contains carbon and hydrogen

8
Q

Inorganic

A

any substance that does not contain carbon (minerals, water)

9
Q

Carbohydrates’ function

A

primary source of energy

10
Q

Proteins’ function

A

energy source, structure, and regulation

11
Q

Fats/Lipids’ function

A

energy source, structure, and regulation

12
Q

Vitamins’ function

A

regulation

13
Q

Minerals’ function

A

structure and regulation

14
Q

Water’s function

A

structure and regulation

15
Q

carbohydrates kcal/gram

A

4kcal/gram

16
Q

fats kcal/gram

A

9kcal/gram

17
Q

protein kcal/gram

A

4kcal/gram

18
Q

alchohol kcal/gram

A

7kcal/gram

19
Q

protein calorie % (recommended)

A

10-35% daily calories

20
Q

fat calorie % (recommended)

A

20-35% daily calories

21
Q

carbohydrate calorie % (recommended)

A

45-65% daily calories

22
Q

kilocalorie (kcal)

A

amount of heat needed to raise 1 kilogram of water 1°C

23
Q

Calorie (nutrition facts)

A

= 1 kilocalorie = 1,000 calories

24
Q

calorie (energy)

A

amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1°C

25
Q

types of health

A
  1. physical
  2. mental
  3. emotional
  4. social
  5. spiritual
26
Q

hunger

A

internal drive to eat, often experienced as negative feeling (pain/ache/churning in stomach)

27
Q

appetite

A

external drive to eat, experienced as positive feeling brought on by food (i.e. pleasant smells, something looks appetizing)

28
Q

role of hypothalamus in hunger/digestion

A

Hypothalamus is constantly processing signals from a variety of nerves throughout the body, which collectively influences our food intake.

How it works: haven’t eaten for a while –> decrease in concentration of nutrients in the blood –> stimulates the feeding/hunger center in the hypothalamus, which then signals us to eat. Once eat, nutrient levels in the blood begin to rise –> satiety center is activated –> our desire to continue eating declines.

29
Q

role of gastrointestinal tract in hunger/digestion

A

main site in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients, contributes to the feeling of satiety

30
Q

role of stomach (part of GI) in hunger/digestion

A

stomach expands from food intake and the nutrients consumed are absorbed –> less desire to eat

31
Q

Leptin role in hunger/digestion

A

turns off hunger center and activates satiety center when eating

32
Q

Ghrelin role in hunger/digestion

A

stimulates hunger center, deactivates the satiety center

33
Q

Leptin source

A

adipose (fat) cells

34
Q

Ghrelin source

A

stomach

35
Q

external forces on eating habits

A
  1. sensory
  2. cognitive
  3. environmental
  4. health status
36
Q

Desirable nutrition - definition

A

varied diet that provides all essential nutrients to support normal body functions

37
Q

Overnutrition - definition

A

consuming too many calories, fats, saturated fats, or too much cholesterol, increasing the risks of chronic disease and potentially leading to obesity

38
Q

Undernutrition - definition

A

Not getting the nutrients to meet nutrient needs of the body. Over time, causes the body’s metabolic processes to slow (or even stop) and can cause a decline in one’s health

39
Q

Anthropometric assessment

A

assessing body composition (i.e. weight, skin folds)

40
Q

Biological assessment

A

measuring nutrients in blood, urine, and feces

41
Q

Clinical assessment

A

basic physical examination (usually includes bp/mobility)

42
Q

Dietary assessment

A

evaluation of person’s dietary intake (to see anything missing/problem areas)

43
Q

Environmental assessment

A

living conditions, background (social & medical history, education, econ status