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Phisical Science Quarter 3 > Module 11 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Module 11 Deck (25)
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1
Q

Name the 4 fundamental forces in creation. Which 2 forces are really different aspects of the same force?

A

1 gravitational force, 2 electromagnetic force , 3 weak force, 4 Strong force
electromagnetic force and weak force

2
Q

Which is the weakest of the fundamental forces? Which is the strongest?

A

Weakest: gravitational force
strongest: Strong force

3
Q

Name the 3 principles of Newton’s universal law of gravitation.

A

1 All objects with mass are attracted to one another by the gravitational force.
2 the gravitational force between 2 masses is directly proportional to the mass of each object.
3. the gravitational force between 2 masses is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between those 2 objects.

4
Q

the gravitational force between 2 objects (mass = 10kg, mass = 6 kg) is measured when the objects are 10 cm apart. If the 10-kg mass is replaces with a 20-kg mass and the 6-kg mass is replaced with a 12-kg mass, how does the new gravitational force compare to the first one that was measured?

A

both masses are multiplied by 2 and the distance is not changed so the new gravitational force is 2 * 2 = 4
the gravitational force is increased by 4 `

5
Q

the gravitational force between 2 objects (mass = 10kg, mass = 6 kg) is measured when the objects are 10 centimeters apart. If the distance between them is increased to 40 cm, how dose the new gravitational attraction compare to the first one that was measured?

A

the distance between them is multiplied by 4 and the gravitational force decreases when the distance increases and it decreases according to the square of that number the force is then divided by 4squared aka 16
the new gravitational force is 16 times smaller than the old one.

6
Q

the gravitational force between 2 objects (mass = 1kg, mass = 2 kg) is measured when the objects are 12cm apart. If the 1-kg mass is replaced with a 5-kg mass, the 2-kg mass is replaced with a 4-kg mass, and the distance between the object is reduced to 4 cm, how dose the new gravitational force compare to the 1st one that was measured

A

1 mass was multiplied by 5 and the other by 2 the distance was divided by 3 and the gravitational force increases when the distance decreases and it decreases according to the square of that number so 9(3squared)52= 90
the new gravitational force is 90 times larger

7
Q

If Venus orbits the sun because the sun exerts a gravitational force on it, what s the equal and opposite force required by Newtons 3rd law of motion?

A

the gravitational force of Venus on the sun.

8
Q

What kind of force is necessary for circular motion? Give its definition of that force.

A

Centripetal force
the force necessary to make and object move in a circle. it is directed perpendicular to the velocity of the object, which means it points toward the center of the circle.

9
Q

What are the 3 principles of circular motion?

A
  1. Circular motion requires centripetal force.
  2. The larger the centripetal force the faster an object travels in a circle of a given size.
    3, At a given speed, the larger the centripetal force, the smaller the circle
10
Q

In an Olympic event called the “hammer throw,” an athlete twirls a massive ball on the end of a wire. Once he gets the ball twirling very quickly, the athlete releases the wire, allowing the ball to fly straight out into the field. The person who throws the ball the farthest this way is the winner.

a. As the athlete twirls the ball faster and faster, will the wire have to apply more, less, or the same amount of centripetal force?
b. Suppose the athlete starts by gripping the wire close to the ball so the ball sweeps put a small circle. Then, keeping the speed of the ball constant, he allows some of the wire to slip through his hands so the ball sweeps out a larger and larger circle. Will the wire exert more, les, or the same amount of force as the athlete makes his adjustment?

A

a. more force

b. less force

11
Q

What is “centrifugal force”?

A

It is a myth. their is no such force

12
Q

in the following diagram, the ball is traveling form A to B along the path drawn. Draw the velocity of the ball and the force it experiences if t s traveling at constant speed.

A

the velocity of the ball would be straight and the centripetal force would be a line to the middle.
Make sure to have arrows!!!!

13
Q

List the inner planets and the outer planets.

A

Inner: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Outer: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

14
Q

List the planets of the solar system from the closest to the sun to the farthest from the sun.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

15
Q

List the planets that ace rings.

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

16
Q

Where are most of the asteroids in the solar system?

A

Between Mars and Jupiter (aka asteroid belt)

17
Q

What causes an asteroid to become a meteor?

A

Perturbations in its orbit

18
Q

What are the 3 parts of a comet? Which of those parts is always present in a comet?

A

Nucleus, Coma, and Tail

the Nucleus is always present.

19
Q

During what part of a comet’s orbit are all 3 parts present?

A

When it is close to the sun.

20
Q

Are comets’ orbits circular or elliptical?

A

elliptical

21
Q

Where do most physicists think short-period comets come from?

A

Kuiper belt

22
Q

what causes gravity, according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity?

A

It comes from the idea that objects with mass bent space and time.

23
Q

what causes gravity, according to the gravitation theory?

A

by the exchange of particles called “gravitons”

24
Q

Which planet in the solar system receives the least amount of insolation?

A

Neptune.

25
Q

Suppose a scientist determines that there are only 2 fundamental forces in nature; the electroweak force and the strong force. Which of the 2 current theories of gravity does this mean is true?

A

the general theory of relativity.