Module 2 (Cell Types and Cell Structures)

Question 1

http://tinyurl.com/4rcrc33n

What type of microscope is this from?

Answer 1

Light microscope

Question 2

How do light microscopes work?

Answer 2

They create a magnified image through glass lenses that focus a beam of light onto an object

Question 3

http://tinyurl.com/4n4fphn7

What type of microscope is this from?

Answer 3

Scanning electron microscope

Question 4

How does a scanning electron microscope work?

Answer 4

It produces a largely magnified image by using electrons instead of light to form an image

Question 5

http://tinyurl.com/avbkj4fv

What type of microscope is this from?

Answer 5

Transmission electron microscope

Question 6

How does a transmission electron microscope work?

Answer 6

An electron source at the top of the microscope emits electrons that travel through a vacuum in the column of the microscope. Electromagnetic lenses are used to focus the electrons into a very thin beam and this is then directed through the specimen of interest.

Images appear flat

Question 7

• one or more cells comprise all living things
• the cell is the basic unit of life
• new cells arise from existing cells

Answer 7

Unified cell theory

Question 8

First form of complex life on Earth

Answer 8

Prokaryotic cells

Question 9

http://tinyurl.com/yze26uhd

What cell is this?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic

Question 10

Prokaryotic cell: includes b_____ and a_____-, lack membrane-bound organelles. The DNA of most prokaryotes consists of a single c______

Answer 10

Bacteria, archaea, chromosome

Question 11

C_____ e____: a plasma membrane covered by a cell wall in a prokaryote

Answer 11

Cell envelope

Question 12

C______ r____: containing a genome (double stranded DNA), ribosomes, and proteins

Answer 12

Cytoplasmic region

Question 13

Fl______: structure that aids in locomotion of bacteria

Answer 13

Flagella

Question 14

Fi____: projection on the surface of bacteria involved in aiding bacteria to adhere to surfaces

Answer 14

Fimbriae

Question 15

P____: projections on the surface of bacteria involved in conjugation, where plasmids are transferred from bacteria with the structure

Answer 15

Pili

Question 16

What is the gram stain used for?

Answer 16

To identity bacteria

Question 17

What color is gram-negative? What does it indicate?

Answer 17

Pink; the cell wall structure is thick of the cell, so it can’t be penetrated by the dye.

Question 18

What color is gram-positive? What does this indicate?

Answer 18

Purple; the cell wall structure is thin, therefore it’s penetrated by the purple dye

Question 19

E_______ c____: plants, animals, fungi, and algae

Answer 19

Eukaryotic cells

Question 20

http://tinyurl.com/yjj47e3j

What type of cell is this?

Answer 20

Eukaryotic, animal cell

Question 21

http://tinyurl.com/3yn7mrt3

What type of cell is this?

Answer 21

Eukaryotic, plant cell

Question 22

The main distinguishing feature of eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes is c_______, the presence of membrane-bound o________, and the n_______

Answer 22

Compartmentalization, membrane, organelles, nucleus

Question 23

M________ and c______ have their own D____

Answer 23

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, DNA

Question 24

The cell m______ is made up of phospholipid b_____, as well as i_____ p_____. Forms a semi-permeable barrier, allows for s______ t_____ of molecules across the membrane

Answer 24

Membrane, bilayers, integral proteins, selective transport

Question 25

Contains all the cell's genome, except for a small fraction of mitochondrial DNA, organized to form chromosomes

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

Has its own independent genome, most prominent role is to produce energy (ATP) and regular cellular metabolism

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

Folds protein molecules and transports synthesizes proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus (structure is a series of interconnected tube-like structures)

Answer 27

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

Produces proteins

Answer 28

Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 29

Phospholipids are synthesizes in

Answer 29

Smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 30

Packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent their destination (made up of flattened stacked pouches)

Answer 30

Golgi apparatus

Question 31

Spherical vesicles that contain enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

Enclosed compartments filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules. They contain waste products, maintain hydrostatic pressure within the cell, maintain internal pH, export unwanted substances What is it more common in?

Answer 32

Vacuole, more common in plant cells

Question 33

Organelles in plants that conduct photosynthesis, is also the immune response in plants

Answer 33

Chloroplast

Question 34

The c_______ acts to organize and maintain a cell's s____

Answer 34

Cytoskeleton, shape

Question 35

Cytoskeletons are present in the c______ of all cells including bacteria and archaea. They are made of interlinking protein f______

Answer 35

Cytoplasm, filaments

Question 36

Through an association with extracellular connection tissue and other cells, cytoskeletons s_____ e____ t____

Answer 36

stabilize entire tissues

Question 37

The e_______ c_________ is composed of m______, i________ f______, and m________

Answer 37

Eukaryotic cytoskeleton, microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

Question 38

The subunit of microtubules is a protein called; microtubules themselves can be d______

Answer 38

tubulin, disassembled

Question 39

http://tinyurl.com/35zpapss What is this eukaryotic cytoskeleton component called?

Answer 39

Microtubule

Question 40

Intermediate filaments are n___ p_______ and they don't disassemble. There are m____ t____ of intermediate filaments

Answer 40

not polar, many types

Question 41

http://tinyurl.com/yc739954 What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is thsi?

Answer 41

Intermediate filaments

Question 42

M________: provide r_____ to the cell, used by various types of myosin proteins to m____ cargo around the cell for muscle c_____. Subunit protein is called a____

Answer 42

Microfilaments, rigidity, move, contraction, actin

Question 43

http://tinyurl.com/3swcc2yz What eukaryotic cytoskeleton component is this?

Answer 43

Microfilaments

Question 44

Together, the membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeleton provide an o_______ to eukaryotic cells

Answer 44

organization