Module 2: Polarity, Resonance, and Arrow Pushing

Question 1

Hydrogen must have two ___________ and no _______________________ can have more than ___________________.

Answer 1

electrons
second-row element
eight electrons

Question 2

Positively charged carbon atoms are called?

Answer 2

carbocations

Question 3

Two resonance structures must have the same number of?

Answer 3

unpaired electrons

Question 4

Some molecules can’t be adequately represented by a single Lewis structure

Answer 4

resonance structures

Question 5

different geometries

Answer 5

1. linear
2. trigonal planar
3. tetrahedral

Question 6

Hybrid Lewis structures = ?

Answer 6

resonance structures

Question 7

resonance structures are represented by a?

Answer 7

double-headed arrow

Question 8

it is the measure of an atom’s attraction for an electron in a bond

Answer 8

electronegativity

Question 9

it always begins at an electron pair (a bond or lone pair)

Answer 9

tail

Question 10

The __________________ is more stable than any resonance structure because it delocalizes electron density over a larger volume.

Answer 10

resonance hybrid

Question 11

it shows where the electrons are coming from

Answer 11

tail

Question 12

Two Lewis structures having the same placement of atoms but a different arrangements of electrons

Answer 12

resonance structures

Question 13

These differ in the arrangement of both atoms and electrons

Answer 13

isomers

Question 14

These are unstable intermediates because they contain a carbon atom that is lacking an octet of electrons

Answer 14

carbocations

Question 15

Resonance structures must be valid _____________________

Answer 15

Lewis structures

Question 16

it is the most electronegative

Answer 16

upper right corner

Question 17

These differ only in the way atoms are connected

Answer 17

constitutional isomers

Question 18

it shows the movement of an electron pair

Answer 18

curved arrow notation

Question 19

These are different compounds that have the same molecular formula

Answer 19

isomers

Question 20

different types of bonds

Answer 20

1. single
2. double
3. triple

Question 21

It refers to electrons that participates in resonance

Answer 21

Delocalized

Question 22

It refers to electrons that does not participate in resonance

Answer 22

Localized

Question 24

A quantity called _______________________ indicates the fraction orbital due to the 2s orbital used to form it.

Answer 24

percent s-character

Question 25

it shows where the electrons are going

Answer 25

head

Question 26

different hybridizations

Answer 26

1. sp 2. sp2 3. sp3

Question 27

As the number of electrons between two nuclei increases, bonds become ________ and ________

Answer 27

shorter, stronger

Question 28

triple bonds are ________ and _________ than double bonds

Answer 28

shorter, stronger

Question 29

these differ only in the arrangement of the electrons

Answer 29

resonance structures