Module 2 Test Flashcards
____________ are also called saccharides.
a.) electrolytes
b.) carbohydrates
c.) lipids
d.) proteins
b.) carbohydrates
Radiation weighting Wr is associated with:
a.) relative biological effectiveness
b.) oxygen enhancement ratio
c.) linear energy transfer
a.) relative biological effectiveness
Linear Energy Transfer:
a.) is the same for all types of radiation
b.) varies for different types of radiation
c.) occurs only during x ray procedures
d.) only occurs with natural background radiation
b.) varies for different types of radiation
11 Sv is equal to
a.) .11 mSv
b.) 11, 000,000 mSv
c.) 11,000 mSv
d.) 11 mSv
c.) 11,000mSv
For xrays and gamma rays, biological damage is the result of energy transfer during:
a.) indirect interaction
b.) direct interaction
c.) neither of these
d.) both of these
d.) both of these
Which of the following is used as the unit for determining RBE?
a.) tissue weighting factor
b.) quality factor
c.) rem
d.) sv
a.) tissue weighting factor
The random interaction of xrays with matter produces a variety of structural changes in biologic tissue, including:
1.) a single strand break
2.) a double strand break
3.) stickiness, or clumping together of chromosomes
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1 and 3 only
d.) 3 only
a.) 1, 2 and 3
Lipids are ___________ built from smaller chemical structures.
a.) organic molecules
b.) inorganic molecules
c.) hormones
d.) repair enzymes
a.) organic molecules
Which of the following are considered to be most radiosensitive ?
1.) primitive (immature) cells
2.) unspecialized cells
3.) differentiated cells
4.) germ cells
5.) rapidly dividing cells
a.) 1, 2, 4 and 5
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2 and 4
d.) 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following is/are considered low LET radiation?
1.) xrays
2.) alpha particles
3.) gamma rays
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 only
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3 only
d.) 1 and 3 only
The possible beneficial effect of a small amount of radiation is called:
a.) protraction
b.) radiosensitizing
c.) radiolysis
d.) hormesis
d.) hormesis
Deletion can occur as a consequence of radiation upon:
a.) an entire cell
b.) an entire body
c.) a chromosome
d.) DNA
c.) a chromosome
Irradiation of water molecules within the body, and their resulting breakdown, is termed
a.) epliation
b.) radiolysis
c.) proliferation
d.) hormesis
b.) radiolysis
The most radiosensitive target molecule in the human cell is the:
a.) protein
b.) ribosomes
c.) DNA
d.) cytoplasm
c.) DNA
When __________ LET interacts, it releases its energy quickly and therefore cannot travel as far or penetrate the tissue as easily.
a.) high
b.) low
a.) high
What is the correct order of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Direct action is more likely to occur with:
a.) high energy
b.) high LET
c.) low LET
d.) sparsely, ionizing
b.) high LET
Proper cell function enables the body to maintain:
a.) metabolism
b.) DNA
c.) Hormones
d.) homeostasis
d.) homeostasis
The primary purpose of carbohydrates is to provide fuel for cell:
a.) replication
b.) repair
c.) homeostasis
d.) metabolism
d.) metabolism
Mitosis and Meiosis undergo the same process until they reach ______ phase of cellular division.
a.) prophase
b.) telophase
c.) anaphase
d.) metaphase
b.) telophase
If restitution has occured, then that means:
a.) the chromatid has restored
b.) a misshappen chromosome is formed
c.) a fragment reattaches to the wrong chromatid
d.) part of the chromosome is lost
a.) the chromatid has restored
Loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain can result in:
a.) apoptosis
b.) mutation
c.) double strand break
d.) single strand break
b.) mutation
Which of the following is a product of radiolysis?
a.) hydrogen atom
b.) H2O
c.) more than one but not all
d.) free radical
e.) all of the above
e.) all of the above
Cell damage may be exhibited as:
a.) loss of funnction or abnormal function
b.) enhanced function
c.) nothing
a.) loss of function or abnormal function
