Module 4 - Lifespan Flashcards
(64 cards)
Full-term pregnancy time
39w - 40w 6d
Early term pregnancy time
37w - 38w6d
late term pregnancy
41w - 41w6d
postterm pregnancy
42w and beyond
preterm pragnancy
less than 37w
what does HCG stand for (pregnancy)
Human chorionic gonadotropin
what hormone is detected in the pee test?
HCG
which 3 hormones are involved in the endocrine system (and what order?)
HCG spikes first, Estrogen and Progesterone increase mostly linearly, estrogen slightly more than progesterone
What is the role of estrogen increasing during pregnancy and where is it produced?
Produced by the placenta
For growth of the uterus, placenta and fetus growth (vascularization/nutrients)
where is progesterone produced and what is its function during pregnancy?
produced by the corpus luteum and (later) by the placenta
involved in tissue relaxation of ligaments and joints
effect of pregnancy on gastrointestinal system
upward displacement of the stomach as the uterus grows
increase in the intra-gastric pressure (predispose to reflux, nausea and vomiting)
incr progesterone results in smooth muscle relaxation (decrease gut motility - lead to constipation)
modification of the gut microbiota
why is smooth muscle relaxation as a result of incr progesterone good?
although it can cause constipation, the slower the gut motility, the more nutrients extracted for the fetus and mum
3 factors of weight gain (during pregnancy) and their distributions and why
62% fluid (for growing fetus and placenta)
30% fat (producing breastmilk)
8% protein (naturally more muscle from carrying more weight)
what is preeclampsia?
serious pregnancy complication characterised by high BP and signs of organ damage - result of excessive weight gain
Excessive weight gain in pregnancy can lead to… (list them)
- Large for gestational age (LGA)
- cesarean delivery
- gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)
- preeclampsia
- postpartum weight retention
- offspring obesity
insufficient weight gain during pregnancy can lead to… (list one thing)
small for gestational age (SGA)
What happens to the respiratory system when pregnant? Then what happens with exercise?
Minute ventilation (VE) increase due to an increase in tidal volume. Breathing frequency remains mostly the same. During exercise breathing frequency catches up, things are a lot harder when pregnant.
what is physiological dilutional anemia (in pregnancy)?
When pregnant, blood volume incr by 1.5L. Plasma goes up first, then red blood cells catch up but since plasma keeps incr, can have low red blood cell count in comparison to plasma —> anemia.
what happens to BP during pregnancy? and why?
Decreases, then the same in 3rd trimester.
hormonal changes (incr in progesterone and estrogen), which can cause blood vessels to relax and dilate, and less blood volume
what happens to HR and cardiac output during pregnancy?
Both Increase
SV during pregnancy
incr then plateaus
benefits of light exercise during pregnancy
improve mental health
body comp
incr muscle strength
Improve metabolism
improve circulation
post-partum recovery
example of relative contradiction to aerobic exercise and absolute contradiction during pregnancy
relative - amenia
absolute - severe anemia
negative impact of long term high intensity exercise while pregnant
blood goes more to working muscles than fetus = less nutrients