module 4 quiz

Question 1

parasympathetic

Answer 1

heart is encouraged to slow down (rest and digest)

Question 2

Sympathetic

Answer 2

heart is encouraged to speed up (fight or flight)

Question 3

how are neurons different from muscle cells

Answer 3

muscle cells don’t secrete and neurons don’t contract

Question 4

myeline

Question 5

nodes of ranvier

Answer 5

little gaps on axon where there is no myelin

Question 6

nervous system is

Answer 6

not fully myelinated

Question 7

local potentials

Answer 7

• graded
  -decremental
  -reversible
  can be excitatory or inhibitory

Question 8

saltatory conduction

Answer 8

nodes - allow tones of sodium to rush in and jump from node to node

Question 9

1st neuron

Answer 9

presynaptic neuron - secretes neurotransmitters

Question 10

2nd neuron

Answer 10

postsynaptic neuron - receives neurotransmitters

Question 11

4 neurotransmitter groups

Answer 11

Acetylcholine
amino-acid neurotransmitters
monoamines
neuropeptides

Question 12

cocaine

Answer 12

blocks dopamine transporters

Question 13

3 kinds of synapses

Answer 13

excitatory cholinergic synapse
inhibitory GABA-ergic synapse
excitatory adrenergic synapse

Question 14

excitatory cholinergic synapse

Answer 14

acetylcholine ex. NMJ

Question 15

inhibitory GABA-ergic synapse

Answer 15

GABA, binds to chloride channels (Cl-) make
inside cell even more negative (hyperpolarization)

Question 16

excitatory adrenergic synapse

Answer 16

NE, releases adrenaline neurotransmitter
(norepinephrine), excitatory, uses NE causes amplifying/making more enzymes

Question 17

Neuromodulators

Answer 17

• raise or lower number of receptors
• alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or breakdown

Question 18

excitatory local potentials

Answer 18

excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)

Question 19

inhibitory local potentials

Answer 19

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)

Question 20

circuit

Answer 20

one synapse between one neuron can be interpreted by many different
things, circuits can go in either direction, neurons with most synapses most important

Question 21

synaptic potentiation

Answer 21

persistant strengthing of synapses that leads to long lasting increase in communication between neurons

Question 22

tetanic stimulation

Answer 22

gives chance to remember – longer Ca is in the knob the more neurotransmitters are released – memory stays for longer

Question 23

diverging

Answer 23

• most common
• one to many

Question 24

converging

Answer 24

many to one

Question 25

reverberating

Answer 25

- constant cycle of information with no break - gives us a constant flow of calcium - move quickly - how we learn ex. flash cards

Question 26

parellel

Answer 26

brain sends out info at once and then it lingers like pain

Question 27

how do synapses communicate

Answer 27

using neurotransmitters

Question 28

saltatory conduction

Answer 28

sodium-electrical current how electrical impulses jump from node to node down an axon

Question 29

presynaptic inhibition

Answer 29

releases neurotransmitters that block local potentials from getting in the call body - blocks pain

Question 30

synapse

Answer 30

- communication between 2 neurons

Question 31

axodendritic

Answer 31

between the axon and the dendrite

Question 32

axosomatic

Answer 32

synapse between axon and the cell body

Question 33

axoaxonic

Answer 33

synapse between 2 axons