Module 4 Unit C Flashcards
Where is the uterine fundus usually found at each gestational week in the second trimester
What method will you use to measure it at each gestational week
Week 14:
Usual fundal height: several fingerbreadths above the symphysis
Measurement method: Palpation of fingerbreadths above symphysis
Week 16:
Usual fundal height: Midway between symphysis and umbilicus
Measurement method: Palpation in relationship to symphysis and umbilicus
Week 20:
Usual fundal height: at level of umbilicus
Measurement method: Palpation in relation to umbilicus
Week 22:
Usual fundal height: 22 cm from symphysis to fundus
Measurement method: Take measure from symphysis to fundus
Week 24:
Usual fundal height: 24 cm from symphysis to fundus
Measurement method: tape measure from symphysis to fundus
Week 28:
Usual fundal height: 28 cm from symphysis to fundus
Measurement method: Tape measure from symphysis to fundus
What are some techniques you can use to locate fetal heart tones during the second trimester
First doing some gentle palpation. Find the fundus, then especially after 20-24 weeks when the baby’s anatomy is a bit more discernible through palpation of the mother’s abdomen, try to find a long, smooth part of the fetus (usually the fetal back or sometime the chest). Placing the doppler transducer over this portion of the fetus will usually result in a quicker localization of heart tones.
What is the normal fetal heart tones rate range during the second trimester?
How does the baseline rate usually change as gestation progresses and why
At 20 weeks is approximately 155 beats per minutes with a range of 110-180 bpm.
Very early-gestation fetuses have a predominantly sympathetic nervous system thus their heart rates tend to be higher compared with heart rates in later gestation.
When is it possible to hear FHTs with a fetoscope
How do fetoscope work (very basic)
15 or 20 weeks and continuing through term
Have a headpiece that rests against the examiner’s forehead so that bone facilitates the conduction of sound to the earpieces. ….They work non-electronically and by conducting through the fetoscope via bone into the ear piece.
What is the usual gestational age range for quickening
16-20 weeks
What factors can affect the timing of quickening and maternal perception of fetal movement in the second trimester?
Those who have felt fetal movement or carried a baby to term before
Placental location can affect maternal perception of fetal movement. People with an anterior placenta (a placenta that is attached to the anterior rather then the posterior wall of the uterus) sometimes cannot feel fetal movement as early or as well as people with posterior placenta
What is the normal range for maternal perception of fetal movement in the second trimester (types of movements, frequency, amount)
Vary from person to person and from day to day.
In general, once the mother begins feeling movement, we expect that she will continue to feel it.
What are the elements generally reported in a mid-pregnancy anatomy ultrasound
Fetal anatomy, fetal size in relationship to gestational age, amniotic fluid volume, placental location and maternal cervical length.
what are the prenatal genetic testing options in the second trimester
Triple screen
Quad screen
Penta screen
Blood draw #2 of integrated and sequential screens
Carrier screening
Noninvasive prenatal testing (cell-free DNA): Anytime from 10 weeks through term
which second trimester prenatal genetic testing options are screening tests and which are diagnostics
Screening:
quad Screen (2nd trimester screen) and penta screens
Noninvasive prenatal testing (cell-free DNA)
Blood draw #2 of integrated and sequential screens
Diagnostic:
Amniocentesis (Amnio)
which second trimester prenatal genetic testing options are connected to first trimester screens
Blood draw #2 of integrated and sequential screens
What is Amniocentesis
Direct analysis of a sample of amniotic fluid
what conditions are tested for Amniocentesis
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Trisomy 21
Neural tube defects
What’s the timeframe for Amniocentesis testing
15 weeks and later
Is Amniocentesis diagnostic or screening
Diagnostic
