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ANAT 100 > module 5 > Flashcards

module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of input is this?

input from the external and internal environment

A

Sensory Input

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1
Q

Uses incoming sensory signals in order to create a complete picture of the environment

A

Integration

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2
Q

The nervous system functions to produce an appropriate response by sending motor output signals through motor nerves

A

Motor Input

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3
Q

The nervous system is divided into two principal subdivision

A

The central nervous system (CNS) and the
peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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4
Q

The ______________ is made up of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

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5
Q

The _______________ is composed of all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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6
Q

Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Motor (Efferent)
- Autonomic, parasympathetic, sympathetic
- Somatic

Sensory (Afferent)

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7
Q

The ________ functions to transfer electrical signals from the dendrites to the axon

A

cell body

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8
Q

___________ receive the neuronal signal from other neurons and transfer those signals to the cell body

A

Dendrites

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9
Q

_______ carry the signal from the cell body to the axon terminals, where the signal is then transferred to other neurons or organ

A

Axons

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10
Q

___________ neurons have one cellular process that splits into a dendrite and an axon

A

Pseudounipolar

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11
Q

_______ neurons have one dendrite and one axon that extend directly from the cell body

A

Bipolar

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12
Q

__________ neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, summing to three or more cellular processes

A

Multipolar

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13
Q

The nervous system is also comprised of supporting cells known as __________

A

neuroglia or glia

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14
Q

Function of glia

A

protect and support neurons
send signals / communication between neurons

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15
Q

_______ are large star shaped cells

A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

These cells communicate with neurons and blood vessels to maintain the integrity of the neural tissue

A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

________ are the most abundant of the glial cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

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18
Q

________ perform many protective and immune functions in the CNS

A

Microglia

19
Q

__________ are the least common type of supporting cells

A

Microglia

20
Q

These cells assist in the production, circulation, and monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal

20
Q

_________ cells are cuboidal in shape and line cavities of the brain and spinal cord

A

Ependymal

21
Q

__________ wrap around axons in the CNS to form myelin sheath

A

Oligodendrocytes

22
Q

_________ cells are equivalent to oligodendrocytes in that they form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers (axons) in the PNS

A

Schwann

23
Q

A single Schwann cell can myelinate ____________

A

a portion of one axon

24
Q

What is the Cerebrum composed of?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

25
Q

What is the Brainstem composed of?

A

Midbrain, Pons and Medulla

26
Q

The __________ is responsible for interpreting sensory signals, sending out motor signals, and decision making

A

Telencephalon

27
Q

The two hemispheres are separated by the _______ fissure

A

longitudinal

28
Q

The outer layer of the cerebrum is known as the ____________

A

cerebral cortex

29
Q

The fissures and grooves are known as ______, while the lumps and bumps are known as _____

A

sulci and gyri

30
Q

________ consists of nerve cell bodies, short interneurons, and glial

A

Grey matter

31
Q

________ consists of bundles of nerve fibres and myelinated axons

A

White matter

32
Q

_________ facilitate communication between different levels of the CNS, such as between the brain and spinal cord

A

Projection fibres

33
Q

_________ facilitate communication between the two hemispheres

A

Commissural fibres

34
Q

The ________ is responsible for sensory and motor relay into and out of the brain, as well as control of the autonomic nervous system

A

Diencephalon

35
Q

The _________ is responsible for relaying sensory information, except sense of smell, to other areas of the brain

A

thalamus

36
Q

The _________ controls the release of hormones through the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

The _______ are three connective tissue membranes protecting the structures of the CNS

A

meninges

Dura matter
Archnoid matter
Pia matter

38
Q

_________ is contained within the ventricles and flows from the lateral ventricle to the bloodstream

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

39
Q

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

provides a buoyancy effect to the brain, and spinal cord

provides support and protection to the CNS

40
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid flows from…

A

Lateral Ventricles
Interventricular Foramen
Third Ventricle
Cerebral Aqueduct
Fourth Ventricle
Subarachnoid Space

41
Q

The regions of the spinal cord

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

42
Q

The spinal cord is enlarged at the _______ and _______ levels

A

cervical and lumbar

43
Q

Why is the spinal cord enlarged at the cervical and lumbar levels?

A

because of the additional nerves exiting the spinal cord that supply the limbs

43
Q

Dura mater in the brain consists of __________ of connective tissue, the dura mater of the spinal cord consists of ________

A

two layers and one layer

44
Q

The brain contains outer _______ and inner _______, the spinal cord contains inner _______ and outer _______

A

grey matter and white matter

ANAT 100 (11 decks)

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