1
Q
Activity (definition)
A
Number of nuclear decays per unit time
2
Q
Decay Constant (definition)
A
Probability of a decay per unit time
3
Q
Unstable nuclei will undergo radioactive decay in order to
A
become more stable
4
Q
Half Life (definition)
A
The mean time taken for the activity of a source or the number of undecayed nuclei present to halve
5
Q
Carbon Dating (5)
A
- whilst a tree is living, it takes in CO2 from the atmosphere
- the vast majority of the carbon is C-12 which is not radioactive but a small fraction is the radioactive isotope C-14
- once the tree dies, no more C-14 will be absorbed and the C-14 in the wood undergoes radioactive decay
- the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in dead organic matter decreases with time
- the ratio of activity in a dead organic sample compared to a living sample can be used for dating
6
Q
Radioactive Penetration: Alpha (3)
A
- to become an atom, it only needs to add 2 electrons
- electrons are easily attracted to the positive nuclei so easy to become an atom
- highly ionising and so least penetrating
7
Q
Radioactive Penetration: Beta (2)
A
- to stop being radiation, has to get close to a nucleus to become a part of an atom
- quite ionising and so quite penetrating
8
Q
Radioactive Penetration: Gamma
A
- to stop being a gamma photon, has to randomly bump into an orbiting electron
- the denser the material, the more likely it will stop a gamma photon
- least ionising and so most penetrating
9
Q
Alpha Particle (definition)
A
Helium nuclei
10
Q
Beta Particle (definition) (2)
A
- high speed electron emitted from the nucleus during beta decay
- produced when a neutron changes into a proton
11
Q
Radioactive Decay (definition)
A
The spontaneous and random decay of an unstable nucleus into a more stable nucleus by the emission of alpha, beta and gamma radiation
12
Q
Spontaneous (definition)
A
Happens without being affected by any external factors
13
Q
Random (definition)
A
Not possible to determine exactly how many particles will decay each second, nor which ones will decay
14
Q
After emission of radiation, parent nuclei become
A
Daughter nuclei
15
Q
Alpha Decay of 238, 92 U
A
4,2 He + 234,90 Th + 0,0 Gamma
16
Q
Beta Minus Decay
A
- too many neutrons
- neutron breaks down into a proton under the influence of the weak force
- 14,6 C -> 0,-1 e + 14,7 N + anti electron neutrino
- 1,0 n -> 1,1 p
- d -> u
17
Q
Beta Plus Decay
A
- too few neutrons
- proton breaks down into a neutron under the influence of the weak force
- can only happen if extra energy is added to the system as a lighter proton decays into a heavier neutron
- 11,6 C -> 0,1 e + 11,5 N + electron neutrino
- 1,1 p -> 1,0 n
- u -> d
A Level Physics
flashcards
Decks in class (79)
# Cards
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GCSE Equations - All34
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Module 1 - 1.1.1 Planning2
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Module 1 - 1.1.2 Implementing1
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Module 1 - 1.1.3 Analysing3
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Module 1 - 1.1.4 Evaluation1
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Module 2 - 2.1.1 Physical Quantities2
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Module 2 - 2.1.2 SI Units9
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Module 2 - 2.2.1 Measurements and Uncertainties9
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Module 2 - 2.3.1 Nature of Quantities2
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Module 3 - 3.1.1 Kinematics7
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Module 3 - 3.1.2 Linear Motion7
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Module 3 - 3.1.3 Projectile Motion1
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Module 3 - 3.2.1 Dynamics6
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Module 3 - 3.2.2 Motion with Non-Uniform Acceleration3
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Module 3 - 3.2.3 Equilibrium10
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Module 3 - 3.2.4 Density and Pressure6
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Module 3 - 3.3.1 Work and Conservation of Energy5
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Module 3 - 3.3.2 Kinetic and Potential Energies1
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Module 3 - 3.3.3 Power1
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Module 3 - 3.4.1 Springs11
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Module 3 - 3.4.2 Mechanical Properties of Matter11
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Module 3 - 3.5.1 Newton's Laws of Motion6
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Module 3 - 3.5.2 Collisions4
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Module 4 - 4.1.1 Charge7
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Module 4 - 4.1.2 Mean Drift Velocity10
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Module 4 - 4.2.2 E.m.f. and P.d.8
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Module 4 - 4.2.3 Resistance6
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Module 4 - 4.2.4 Resistivity6
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Module 4 - 4.2.5 Power3
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Module 4 - 4.3.1 Series and Parallel Circuits2
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Module 4 - 4.3.2 Internal Resistance6
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Module 4 - 4.3.3. Potential Dividers1
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Module 4 - 4.4.1 Wave Motion20
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Module 4 - 4.4.2 Electromagnetic Waves11
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Module 4 - 4.4.3 Superposition9
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Module 4 - 4.4.4 Stationary Waves8
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Module 4 - 4.5.1 Photons3
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Module 4 - 4.5.2 The Photoelectric Effect8
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Module 4 - 4.5.3 Wave-Particle Duality1
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Mock Revision - ignore49
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Astrophysics - ignore37
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Module 5 - 5.1.1 Temperature9
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Module 5 - 5.1.2 Solid, Liquid and Gas14
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Module 5 - 5.1.3 Thermal Properties of Materials3
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Module 5 - 5.1.4 Ideal Gases11
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Module 5 - 5.2.1 Kinematics of Circular Motion3
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Module 5 - 5.2.2 Centripetal Force7
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Module 5 - 5.3.1 Simple Harmonic Oscillations6
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Module 5 - 5.3.2 Energy of a Simple Harmonic Oscillator2
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Module 5 - 5.3.3 Damping14
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Module 5 - 5.4.1 Point and Spherical Masses5
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Module 5 - 5.4.2 Newton's Law of Gravitation1
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Module 5 - 5.4.3 Planetary Motion5
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Module 5 - 5.4.4 Gravitational Potential and Energy9
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Module 5 - 5.5.1 Stars24
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Module 5 - 5.5.2 Electromagnetic Radiation From Stars30
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Module 5 - 5.5.3 Cosmology31
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Module 5 - Detailed Sections of Astrophysics17
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Module 6 - 6.1.1 Capacitors9
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Module 6 - 6.1.2 Energy5
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Module 6 - 6.1.3 Charging and Discharging Capacitors9
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Module 6 - 6.2.1 Point Spherical Charges4
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Module 6 - 6.2.2 Coulomb's Law4
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Module 6 - 6.2.3 Uniform Electric Field2
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Module 6 - 6.2.4 Electrical Potential and Energy8
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Module 6 - 6.3.1 Magnetic Fields16
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Module 6 - 6.3.2 Motion Of Charged Particles8
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Module 6 - 6.3.3 Electromagnetism19
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Module 6 - 6.4.1 The Nuclear Atom12
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Module 6 - 6.4.2 Fundamental Particles14
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Module 6 - 6.4.3 Radioactivity17
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Module 6 - 6.4.4 Nuclear Fission and Fusion15
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Module 6 - 6.5.1 Using X-Rays13
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Module 6 - 6.5.2 Diagnostic Methods in Medicine8
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Module 6 - 6.5.3 Using Ultrasound18
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Module 3 Practicals8
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Module 4 Practicals15
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Module 5 Practicals10
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Module 6 Practicals9
