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NCLEX > MODULE 6! > Flashcards

MODULE 6! Flashcards

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1
Q

GERD
s/s
tx

A

reflux of gastric content into orthopharynx
risk of aspiration and pneumonia
tx: reflux precautions. upright position with eating and 30 minutes after, frequent burping during feedings, thickened formula

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2
Q

pyloric stenosis
s/s
diagnosis
tx

A

s/s: projectile vomiting during and after feedings, may palpate and olive shaped mass in epigastric area

diagnosis: abdominal ultrasound
tx: hydration/electrolyte replacement, I&O, daily weight, monitor urine output closely, surgery

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3
Q

otitis media
patho
tx
prevention

A

p: infection of middle ear, bulging bright red TM, preceded by upper respiratory infection
tx: antibiotics if indicated, avoid chewing motion, avoid smoke exposure, PE tubes- wear ear plugs around water
prevention: sit up during feedings, NO bottle propping, gentle nose blowing, avoid smoke exposure

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4
Q 
UAP 
role 
task
person 
circumstance
A

role: supportive
task: routine, simple, repetitive
person: stable clients
circumstance: uncomplicated

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5
Q

LPN role
task
person
circumstance

A

task: 1. no nursing process. can collect data and assist with plan but RN must sign behind. 2. can implement within scope. 3. no creating a teaching plan only reinforce or standard plan
person: stable clients
circumstance: must reassign if client becomes unstable; can care for complex if stable

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6
Q

when does the anterior fontanel close

A

12-18 months

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7
Q

when does the posterior fontanel close

A

2-3 months

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8
Q

when giving IM injections, why is the ventrogluteal muscle contraindicated in children who have not been walking for atleast a year

A

the ventrogluteal muscle is not developed well enough

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9
Q

for babys under 12 months the ear will be pulled

A

the ear will be pulled down and out

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10
Q

how many cups of milk should a 15 mo old toddler consume daily

A

2-3 cups

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11
Q

what ages does the best friend stage occur

A

9-10 years

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12
Q

girls go through puburty how much sooner than boys

A

1-2 years

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13
Q

car seat safety

A

car seats go in the back. <20 pounds in the middle of the back seat in a rear facing until 12 months
car seats should be used until at least 30 pounds
boosters 4-8

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14
Q

order of VS

A

resp
hr
bp
temp

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15
Q

temp

A

rectal is most reliable. do not use rectal on newborns!

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16
Q

newborn communication

birth - 1 mo

A

nonverbal
express themselves through crying
encourage parents to touch their infant

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17
Q

infant communication

1 mo - 12 mo

A

primarily nonverbal
starts with repeating consonants (dada)
communicate through crying and facial expressions
respond to touch

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18
Q

toddlers and preschoolers 1-5 years

A

verbal skills
ages 3-4 form 3-4 word sentences called telegraphic speech
asking why
concrete and literal thinking so may misinterpret
short attention span
cognitive development: egocentric, magical thinking, animism, object permanence
express themselves through dramatic play and drawing

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19
Q

school age children 6-12

A 
able to use logic
begin to understand others point of view 
begin to understand cause and effect 
understanding body functions 
can interpret nonverbal messages 
expression of thoughts and feelings
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20
Q

adolescents 13-18

A

abstract thinking without full adult comprehension
strive for independence
need for privacy
nursing: straightforward approach, talk in private area, conduct part of interview without parents

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21
Q

observable signs of resp distress in children

A

use of accessory muscles
nasal flaring
sternal retractions
grunting with respirations

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22
Q

croup
what is it
tx

A

aka laryngotracheobronchitis
a viral infection that can result in a slight to severe dyspnea, barking or brassy cough, elevated temp
tx: steam from hot showers. no improvement? nebulized epi or corticosteroids

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23
Q

epiglottitis
what is it
tx

A 
serious obstructive imflammatory process: there is absence of a cough, presence of dysphagia, drooling, and rapid progression to severe resp distress 
prim organism: H flu 
prevent: Hib vaccine 
NEVER USE A TONGUE DEPRESSOR 
the less noise they make the worse
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24
Q

RSV
what is it
s/s
tx

A

lower resp tract illness caused by an acute viral infection that affects the bronchioles
s/s: nasal discharge, wheezing, paroxysmal cough, tachypnea with flaring nares
tx: mild: tx symptoms. severe: IV fluids, albuterol, antipyretics, suction, o2

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25
pneumonia what is it s/s tx
inflammation of the lungs. s/s: fine crackles or ronchi with a cough that is either productive or non productive chest pain back or abdominal pain fever tx: o2, fluids for hydration, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia/supportive care for viral
26
cleft palate and lip
affects the oropharynex and increases the risk of malnutrition and aspiration pre op: infants must be fed with an elongated nipple or medicine dropper down the side of the mouth to prevent aspiration. burp frequently because they swallow lots of air post op: protect the sutures. position them supine or side lying. DO NOT PLACE PRONE. soft diet until healed
27
if a baby is born with both cleft lip and palate, which problem do they correct first
cleft lip to assist with feeding
28
GERD what is it tx
backwash or reflex of gastric contents into the esophagus | tx: use upright position with feeding and for 30 minutes after, frequent burping, thicken formula
29
pyloric stenosis
projectile vomiting during and after a feeding s/s: olive shaped mass in the epigastric region which is the enlarged pylorus tx: hydration and electrolyte replacement, I and o, monitor urine specific gravity, daily weight, surgery
30
intussusception what is it s/s tx
piece of the bowel telescopes in on itself forming an obstruction s/s: drawing up the knees, sudden onset, episodes of pain, currant jelly stools tx: enema or surgery
31
hirschsprung disease what is it s/s tx
congenital anomaly aka aganglionic mega colon, mechanical obstruction s/s constipation; there are no nerves=no peristalsis, abdominal distension, ribbon-like stools that have a foul smell tx:surgery to remove portion of the bowel that is diseased
32
head lice
itching spread through direct contact bag up all toys tx: antiparasitic meds
33
pin worms how is it spread tx
rectal itching spread hand to mouth whole family should be treated- wash all sheets and clean bathrooms specimen- tape test on rectum to collect eggs tx: mebendazole, good hand washing, fingernails short
34
infectious mono name virus s/s tx
s/s: sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, liver or spleen enlargement epstein barr virus tx: rest, analgesics, increase fluids, good nutrition prevent contact sports
35
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy who gets this? how do you position post op
performed on children with recurrent upper respiratory infections or obstructive sleep issues post op: place on their side and elevate HOB or prone position to prevent aspiration complains of sore throat and slight ear pain, low grade temp is normal
36
what would indicate that hemorrhaging is occuring after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy
frequent swallowing
37
cystic fibrosis
involves both GI and respiratory systems. pancreatic enzymes must be given to help improve digestion high fat and high calorie diet s/s: steaorrhea, hyponatremic, thick and sticky secretions
38
test for cystic fibrosis
sweat chloride test
39
in newborns what Is the earliest sign of CF
meconium ileus
40
what type of infections are down syndrome children most prone to developing
respiratory infections because they have a poor immune system
41
celiac disease
malabsorption due to an intestinal intolerance to gluten CANNOT HAVE BROW: barley, rye, oats, wheat CAN HAVE RCS: rice, corn, soy
42
sickle cell disease what is it s/s tx
anemia in which the normal hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin and sickled shaped RBC s/s: pain, anorexia, fatigue tx: bedrest, HYDRATION
43
duchennes muscular dystrophy what is it s/s
specific to male children because it is x linked recessive trait s/s: lordosis- curvature of lower spine, waddling gait, frequent falls, toe walking, gowers sign
44
tx of duchennes
maintain muscle function with physical therapy prevent contractures steroids may help improve muscle strength and respiratory function
45
tet spells
hypercyanotic spells are seen in children with the congenital heart defect of tetralogy of fallot insufficient blood flow to the lungs
46
tx for tet spells
knee chest position which forces blood to go to lungs to be oxygenated 100% o2, monitor cardiac output, morphine for sedation quiet play, minimize stress
47
congenital heart defects
structural defect of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth
48
UTI
s/s: failure to thrive, feeding problems, if not treated= kidney failure, foul smelling urine frequency, dysuria, fever, flank pain, hematuria
49
causes of uti
renal anomalies, constipation, bubble baths, poor hyigene, pin worms, sexual activity
50
tx for uti
antibiotics | teach prevention: proper wiping technique, no bubble baths, cotton underwear, limit carbonated drinks
51
hydrocephalus what is it and s/s
disturbance of the ventricular circulation of cerebral spinal fluid. this fluid builds up and caused ICP s/s: bulging fontanels with head enlargement, depressed or sunken eyes, setting sun sign
52
diagnosis hydrcephalus
head circumference
53
myelomeningocele
associated with hydrocephalus. when baby is born with spina bifida- protect the sack and dont let it rupture. sterile moist dressing and baby lies prone
54
scoliosis tx
3 O's observation orthosis- supports and braces operation- spinal fusion w rods
55
chicken pox | primary prevention
same virus causes shingles | infection of the lesions
56
virus that causes chicken pox
varicella zoster
57
sets reasonable limits on behavior, encourages growing autonomy of child, open communication
authoritative
58
no limit setting, lack of affection for the child, focus is on own life
indifferent
59
5 rights of delegation
``` right task right circumstances right person right direction right supervision ```
60
LPN and meds
can administer IVPB meds but not IV PUSH. can monitor blood transfusions but cannot initiate it administer meds in NG tube, G tube/button, J tube insert and remove urinary catheters
61
fluid bolus
20 ml/kg

NCLEX (17 decks)

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