Module 6 (vocabulary is on Biology ipad app)

Question 0

What helps the cell hold its shape if it does not have a cell wall?

Answer 0

the cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 1

Name the organelles that play a role in biosynthesis.

Answer 1

ribosome, smooth ER and rough ER, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and nucleus

Question 2

How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 2

central vacuole that expands as the cell absorbs water; this causes turgor pressure in the cell

Question 3

A cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it a plant or animal cell?

Answer 3

animal cell

Question 4

What organelles are involved in secretion? Don’t worry about the biosynthesis necessary to get the secretion product. Just deal with the process after the product is made.

Answer 4

Golgi bodies, secretion vesicle, plasma membrane, & cell wall

Question 5

What things in the cell (not just organelles, but anything we have studied) deal with the cellular movement?

Answer 5

cytoplasm, smooth ER and rough ER, Golgi bodies, secretion vesicles and waste vacuoles, centrioles, & cytoskeleton

Question 6

What are the 11 major tasks cells must perform?

Answer 6

absorption, digestion, respiration, biosynthesis, excretion, egestion, secretion, movement, irritability, homeostatsis, and reproduction

Question 7

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 7

phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Question 8

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid?

Answer 8

a phospholipid has two fatty acid molecules and a small molecule with a phosphate group, whereas a normal lipid just has 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 9

What makes it possible for the plasma membrane to self-assemble?

Answer 9

Since the phospholipids have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end, they always “know” how to reassemble.

Question 10

A cell begins running low on food, and its energy output decreases by 20%. What kind of plasma membrane transport (active or passive) is affected?

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

See page 194, #13 in book

Answer 11

a. phospholipid
b. protein
c. glycoprotein
d. carbohydrate
e. cholesterol
f. filaments of the cytoskeleton
g. glycolipid

Question 12

If a cell dies by implosion, what kind of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic) was it in?

Answer 12

hypertonic

Question 13

List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in the order of which they occur. In addition, note the net number of ATPs that are made in each step.

Answer 13

glycolysis (two ATPs), the formation of acetyl coenzyme A (no ATPs), the Krebs cycle (two ATPs), and the electron transport system (32 ATPs)

Question 14

What is the ATP’s purpose in the cell?

Answer 14

ATP supplies a package for the energy produced in cellular respiration. It releases its energy gently, so that the energy does not destroy the cell.

Question 15

If a cell has no oxygen, what stage(s) of aerobic cellular respiration can still run? How many ATPs can it make from a molecule of glucose?

Answer 15

glycolysis; two ATPs

Question 16

A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP from a cell. Why will this kill the cell?

Answer 16

With no ADP, the cell will not be able to make ATP in which to store the energy from cellular respiration. Thus, the cell could make energy, but it could never use the energy!

Question 17

What organelle is responsible for breaking polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Answer 17

lysosome