module 7 Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

The two types of glands that the body can secrete

A

Endocrine and exocrine

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2
Q

Cells of these glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

Glands that secrete cell products into a duct system

A

Exocrine

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4
Q

Endocrine glands release ______

A

hormones

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5
Q

Hormones act as _________

A

chemical messengers

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6
Q

The __________ is a small gland at the base of the brain that extends from the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

Known as the master gland

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

The ________ sits anterior to the trachea and produces thyroid hormones important for metabolism

A

thyroid gland

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9
Q

The _________ are four small oval glands situated on the back of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

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10
Q

The paired _________ sit on top of each kidney

A

adrenal glands

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11
Q

The ______ is both an endocrine and exocrine gland

A

pancreas

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12
Q

Located posterior to the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen

A

pancreas

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13
Q

A group of steroid hormones produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland

A

Corticosteroids

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14
Q

The physical contact between the ___________ allows for communication between the nervous and endocrine systems

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

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15
Q

The ________ of the pituitary is composed of glandular secretory cells

A

anterior lobe

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16
Q

Is released from the anterior pituitary acts on the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid stimulatiing hormone

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17
Q

Induces the mammary glands of the breast to produce milk

A

Prolactin

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18
Q

Is released by the anterior pituitary acts on the adrenal glands, causing them to release their hormones

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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19
Q

Stimulates growth in all cells

A

Growth hormone

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20
Q

Both act on the gonads (involved in reproduction and other functions of the body)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

21
Q

Produce pigment

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

22
Q

The __________ of the pituitary gland is also known as the neurohypophysis because it is made up of nervous tissue

A

posterior lobe

23
Q

It only releases two hormones. These hormones are produced in the hypothalamus

A

posterior lobe

24
Q

The general function of _______ is to promote reabsorption of water at the kidneys

A

Antidiuretic hormone

25
The function of _______ is to promote uterine contractions during childbirth
oxytocin
26
The anterior lobe is made up of _________, while the posterior lobe is composed of _______
glandular tissue and nervous tissue
27
The thyroid gland is divided into three anatomical structures
The right lobe, the left lobe, and the isthmus
28
The microscopic structure of the thyroid gland is composed of many structures called ______
follicles
29
Each follicle is lined with ___________
simple cuboidal follicular cells
30
A protein rich fluid secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland
Colloid
31
Follicular cells produce two thyroid hormones
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
32
They produce calcitonin, a hormone which lowers the blood calcium concentration
C cells
33
The _________ are four small oval glands on the posterior side of the thyroid
parathyroid glands
34
The parathyroid glands are mostly made up of _______
principal cells
35
Principal cells produce _________
parathyroid hormone
36
The _________ are two pyramid shaped structures that sit superior to each kidney
adrenal glands
37
The adrenal gland can be divided into the ______ and the ______
medulla and cortex
38
The adrenal cortex is divided into ______ layers
three
39
The ______ produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
medulla
40
Stimulation of the medulla would cause an _________
autonomic response fight-or-flight response
41
The ______ is a long lobular organ that lies posterior to the stomach
pancreas
42
The pancreas produces enzymes for __________
digestion and the hormone insulin
43
The pancreas is a mixed gland, meaning
it has both exocrine and endocrine functions
44
The pancreatic islets have two main cell types
alpha cells and beta cells
45
_______ produce glucagon
Alpha cells
46
A hormone that functions to increase blood glucose level
glucagon
47
_______ produce the hormone insulin
Beta cells
48
Functions to lower blood glucose levels
insulin
49
When the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed
Type I diabetes