Module 7

Question 1

Reproductive efficiency of the lactating herd can be evaluated using this.

It can also calculate various reproductive performance parameters.

Answer 1

commercial software programs

Question 2

A common parameter which is determined by the average days at first service, pregnancy rate for a 21 - day
period, and pregnancy losses.

Answer 2

calving interval

Question 3

The interval postpartum after which a cow is
inseminated

Answer 3

voluntary waiting period (VWP)

Question 4

voluntary waiting period (VWP) is selected based on what?

Answer 4

management decisions
milk production
dry - off criteria

Question 5

Parameters that determine the reproductive efficiency and productivity of the herd.

Answer 5

pregnancy rate
culling rate of adult cows
neonatal mortality
culling rate of heifers
Age at first calving

Question 6

The target for the interval to first service should be the?

Answer 6

Voluntary waiting period

Question 7

Is the product of estrus detection/insemination rate and conception rates

Answer 7

21-day pregnancy rate

Question 8

Cows that conceived/ cow inseminated within 21 days

Answer 8

Conception rate

Question 9

Indicate how fast in days cows become pregnant at the end of VWP

Answer 9

Pregnancy rate

Question 10

Occurs between pregnancy diagnosis and parturition

Answer 10

Pregnancy losses

Question 11

The ideal annual culling rate in dairy herd

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

Suggest inaccurate estrus detection

Answer 12

Short intervals

Question 13

Could indicate inaccuracy and inefficiency of estrus detection, ovarian abnormalities, or early embryonic mortality

Answer 13

Long intervals

Question 14

Lowers level of circulating progesterone and estrogen

Answer 14

Milk production

Question 15

Induces stress and reduces estrus expression.
Reproductive efficiency is expected to be lower in high producing herds compared with intermediate or low producing herd

Answer 15

Intensive management

Question 16

Should be part of the approach to evaluate reproductive efficiency, especially in herd where accurate records are not available

Answer 16

Rectal palpation
Ultrasonography

Question 17

Cows that show estrus and ready to dry-off

Answer 17

220 days

Question 18

Cows pregnant over cows presented for pregnancy diagnosis

Answer 18

Palpation pregnancy rate

Question 19

Are useful to allow proper animal handling and assurance of reproductive program compliance

Answer 19

Body condition score
Cow identification
Facilities for handling cow
How cow are treated by farm personel

Question 20

Rectal palpation and ultrasonography will allow for detection of reproductive abnormalities such as?
(AIPPOEPU)

Answer 20

Abnormal vaginal discharge
Inadequate uterine involution
Pregnancy losses
Postpartum anestrus
Ovarian cyst
Endometritis
Pyometra
Uterine adhesion

Question 21

High number of cow that have this will decrease palpation pregnancy rate even in herd with acceptable estrus detection rate since cow do not show estrus

Answer 21

Cow with postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst

Question 22

Increased percentage of cows with reproductive abnormalities may indicate what?

Answer 22

Nutrition and management should be evaluated and revised

Question 23

Poor reproductive performance in lactation cows could be caused by?

Answer 23

Extended interval to first service
Low estrus detection/ insemination rate
Low conception rate

Question 24

The time between parturition and the time cows are allotted to be inseminated

Answer 24

Voluntary waiting period

Question 25

The intervals to first service should be decided upon considering this two factors

Answer 25

Fertility DIM

Question 26

When reproductive program includes this it is usually difficult to control the interval from calving to first service

Answer 26

estrus detection

Question 27

When it is coupled with excellent estrus detection or protocol for time for insemination, could be solutions to inseminate each cow at the right time

Answer 27

Individual electronic identification

Question 28

In this herd the effect of DIM on fertility is higher and estrus detection is lower

Answer 28

Herd with high level of milk

Question 29

The presynch-ovsynch protocol includes how many doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha in 14 days

Answer 29

Two

Question 30

After two doses of prostaglandins F2 alpha then 12 days later cow are subjected to what?

Answer 30

Ovsynch ( gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 31

Could also be beneficial to accomplish high pregnancy rate the first days of the breeding season in herd with seasonal breeding program or herd that interrupt breeding for a couple of months to avoid calving during the summer

Answer 31

Timed insemination

Question 32

One of the major problems in pasture based dairy herd

Answer 32

Postpartum anestrus

Question 33

Has been shown to increase conception rate in cow with low BCS

Answer 33

Administration of 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin at progesterone device removal

Question 34

Inseminated or timed insemination within 21 day period

Answer 34

Insemination rate

Question 35

Postpartum anestrus and ovarian cyst

Answer 35

Anovulatory condition

Question 36

High producing cow standing event

Answer 36

6 hours 6 mount

Question 37

Low producing cow standing event

Answer 37

11 h with 9 standing event

Question 38

Other factor related to management condition that reduce duration and intensity of estrus

Answer 38

Overcrowding Unfavorable flooring Stressful handling

Question 39

Protocols that could induce estrus in cow with superficial postpartum anestrus

Answer 39

Progesterone device for 7 days Equine chronic gonadotropin at device removal Estradiol for 24 h

Question 40

Have high milk production but usually have labor problems since fewer employee are needed to take care of different activities

Answer 40

Small or pasture

Question 41

Conception rate or pregnancy per service is influenced by what?

Answer 41

Cow fertility Semen quality Bull fertility Insemination procedure

Question 42

Allow for time insemination and avoid the need for estrus detection.

Answer 42

Synchronization of estrus and ovulation

Question 43

Protocols for time insemination use this to control the length of luteal phase, synchronize follicle wave, and induce ovulation.

Answer 43

GnRH estradiol Progesterone device

Question 44

This approach can easily be implemented for the first service, either with continuous or seasonal breeding program It is an option for first service

Answer 44

Time insemination

Question 45

Is the number of cow that conceived among cow that are inseminated or received natural service

Answer 45

Conception rate or pregnancy per service or artificial insemination

Question 46

Folliculogenesis takes approximately how many days?

Answer 46

80 days

Question 47

Cows that have lower conception rate than primiparous cows, and it could be explained by the level of milk production

Answer 47

Multiparous cows

Question 48

Synchronization of follicular wave using this enhances the chances of involution of a healthy oocyte in high-producing dairy cows and could increase fertility

Answer 48

GnRH

Question 49

Is recommended 12 h after the first standing event

Answer 49

AI

Question 50

Has established minimum motility and morphology parameters for quality of fresh and frozen semen

Answer 50

Society for theriogenology

Question 51

May also influence conception rate

Answer 51

Semen handling during insemination Skills of the technician

Question 52

It also should be monitored to ensure high conception rate

Answer 52

Semen quality Insemination procedure

Question 53

Time of thawing

Answer 53

45-60 seconds In 35-37 degree Celsius