Module 8

Question 1

Fat-Soluble Vitamins:

Answer 1

A, D, E, K

Question 2

Water-soluble Vitamins

Answer 2

B-complex:
- B1: Thiamin
- B2: Riboflavin
- Niacin
- Pantothenic acid
- B6: Pyridoxine
- Folate
- B12
- Biotin
- C: Ascorbic acid

Question 3

Characteristics of vitamins

Answer 3

1. Complex organic substance
2. Required in only very small amount
3. Essential (exception of Vit C)
4. Function as “catalysts/coenzymes”
5. Their removal from diet produces known deficiency disease

Question 4

Characteristics of Fat-soluble vitamins:

Answer 4

Vit A+D: Stored well in liver (excessive intake is possible, liver toxicity)

Question 5

Characteristics of Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 5

-do serve as coenzymes
- often considered “non-toxic”
- not stored (except B12)
- excess is excreted in urine

Question 6

Function of water-soluble vitamins: Thiamin

Answer 6

required as a coenzyme in energy production, especially from carbohydrate
: as part 2 coenzyme: TPD + TDP

Question 7

Thiamin Deficiency: ‘BeriBeri’

Answer 7

• Still occurring where refined grains (rice) eaten (Philippines)
• western countries: alcoholism
  1. B1 is a coenzyme that breaks down alcohol
  2. reduced absorption of B1
  3. Tend to suffer from a poor diet

Question 8

Symptoms of thiamin deficiency: ‘Beriberi”

Answer 8

• muscle weakness
• nerve (neurological) changes: coordination (arms and legs)
• Tingling, numbness
• depression
• death

Question 9

Riboflavin (B2) function

Answer 9

Part of 2 coenzymes: FAD + FMN
- involved in processes where glucose and fatty acids

Question 10

Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency

Answer 10

super unlikely “Angular cheilitis”
- Dry/cracking at corners of mouth

Question 11

Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) function

Answer 11

Part of 2 enzymes (NAD + NADP: Central role in obtaining out kcal from fat, carbs, and protein)

Question 12

Niacin Deficiency: “Pellagra”

Answer 12

-Weakness
- 3Ds of Pellagra: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, (Death)

Question 13

Niacin from Tryptophan:

Answer 13

1 Niacin equivalent= 1mg niacin=60mg Tryptophan

Question 14

symptoms of B6 deficiency

Answer 14

• Anemia
• convulsions, neurological symptoms (seizures)

Question 15

RDA for Vitamin C

Answer 15

75mg/day (women)
90mg/day men

Question 16

Function(s) of vitamin C

Answer 16

reducing agent (donate electrons)
antioxidant

Question 17

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 17

Scurvy
symptoms;
- weakening of collogen in whole body and reopening of previously closed wounds
- arterial breakdown
-depression and fatigue

Question 18

what circumstances require the human body to require more vitamin C>

Answer 18

-stress
-oral contraceptives
-smokers

Question 19

cobalamin- vitamin B12

Answer 19

functions as coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl (CH3) groups from 1 biomolecule to another

Question 20

food sources of B12

Answer 20

ONLY in foods of animal origin and supplements

Question 21

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 21

1. Neurological disorders
2. megaloblastic anemia

Question 22

what is ‘Pernicious Anemia’?

Answer 22

-not a dietary lack of B12
- clinically “looks” like megaloblastic Anemia
- lack of intrinsic factor

Question 23

folic acid (folate) and Neutral tube defects (NTDs)

Answer 23

spina bifida in babies