Module 9: Fundamentals of the Nervous System

Question 1

Cell body

Answer 1

Also called perikaryon or soma
Contains the usual organelles except centrioles (needed for mitosis, therefore cannot replicate)
Contains Nissl bodies

Question 2

Nissl bodies

Answer 2

Unique to neurons
Specialized layers of rough ER
Synthesize neurofibrils and microtubules for material transport within the cell

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

Also called association neurons
Lie entirely within the central nervous system
Receive input from sensory (afferent) neurons and communicate with one another or with motor (efferent) neurons

Question 4

Neuroglia

Answer 4

Also called glia
Do not conduct nerve impulses (stimuli)
Support, nourish, and protect the neurons
Capable of mitosis

Question 5

Six types of neuroglia

Answer 5

Astrocytes (CNS)
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Microglia (CNS)
Ependymal cells (CNS)
Schwann Cells (Neurolemmocytes) (PNS)
Satellite cells (PNS)

Question 6

Nerve

Answer 6

Bundle of nerve cell fibers (axons and dendrites) that follow the same path
Usually contains both sensory (afferent) neurons and motor (efferent) neurons
Found only in the PNS

Question 7

Tract

Answer 7

A bundle of nerve cell fibers

Found only in the CNS

Question 8

Ganglia

Answer 8

Clusters of neuron cell bodies

Found only in the PNS

Question 9

Nuclei

Answer 9

Clusters of neuron cell bodies

Found only in the CNS

Question 10

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

Answer 10

Form myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 11

Neurolemma

Answer 11

Plasma membrane of neurolemmocytes

Responsible for nerve regeneration

Question 12

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

Form myelin sheath in the CNS

No plasma membrane

Question 13

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 13

Only neurotransmitter released between neurons and skeletal muscles

Question 14

Resting state

Answer 14

ECF - higher Na+ and Cl-

ICF - higher K+ and negatively charged proteins (Pr-)