Module E-H & 1/2 AA Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
criminals break laws against?
A
the public
2
Q
civil laws deal with
A
the relationships between people
3
Q
what is tort
A
a wrong committed against person/property
4
Q
malpractice definition
A
care you are not legally allowed to perform
5
Q
assault definition
A
threatening to touch or attempting to touch without proper consent
6
Q
battery definition
A
touching a person without consent
7
Q
three types of consent
A
written, verbal, and implied
8
Q
what is false imprisonment
A
unlawful restraining or restricitng a person’s movement
9
Q
nurse aid’s role in legal matters(4)
A
know range of functions, keep skills sharp, keep resident well-being in mind, understand directions
10
Q
we must protect our vulnerable adults from: (4)
A
neglect, misappropriation of property, abuse, and exploitation
11
Q
who should nurse aid immediately report to about illegal/suspicious treatment
A
supervisor nurse
12
Q
what are ethics
A
knowledge of what you SHOULD do. being accountable for your behavior. right and wrong.
13
Q
basic human rights are protected by the
A
US Constitution
14
Q
law vs ethics
A
must vs should
15
Q
law vs ethics
A
must vs should
16
Q
what is an ombudsman
A
a person assigned to their district who supports the best interest of the resident. they can call them at any time to report mistreatment without question, kinda like a social worker.
17
Q
ethics help to:
A
guide sense of duty and conduct in workers
18
Q
when to use ethical behavior
A
always!
19
Q
ethical behavior can differ in residents based on
A
culture
20
Q
end-of-life decision-making follows resident’s ___
A
individual ethical principles
21
Q
nurse aid’s must respect resident’s ___
A
end of life decisions
22
Q
the resident has a right to refuse ___
A
medical intervention at the end of life
23
Q
the resident has a right to request ____
A
everything possible to prolong life
24
Q
nurse aid’s treat residents with dignity by viewing them as ___ than themselves
A
greater
25
what is basic restorative care?
care provided after rehabilitation (PT) has done everything it can
26
the goal of restorative care?
to maintain function and increase independence
27
what are prosthetic devices?
REPLACEMENTS for LOSS of body part made for one person
28
nurse aid should observe ___ around prosthesis for _____
skin/pressure,abrasion
29
what are orthotic devices?
artificial devises that HELP with function or appearance made for one person
30
what are supportive devices
equipment that helps with movement
31
what are assistive devices?
equipment that helps with ADLs
32
what is another name for assistive devices?
adaptive devices
33
during bowel/bladder retraining, attempts to void are ____
scheduled
34
when are the best times to void (5)
when reisident awakens, one hour before meals, every two hours between meals, before going to bed, during the night as needed
35
bladder retraining techniques (5)
running water, lean resident forward, put residens hands in warm water, offer fluids to drink, pour warm water over perineum area
36
how long can bladder/bowel training take till successful?
8-10 weeks
37
staff muss be ____ and _____ everything when bladder/bowel retraining
consistent/record
38
chemotherapy side effects(5)
alopecia, digestive disturbances, stomatitis(inflammation of the mouth), decreased blood cell production, changes in cognitive function
39
targeted chemotherapy can raise
blood pressure
40
the fatty layer of skin ____ with age
decreases
41
with age, reduced _____ to skin produces drying and itching
circulation
42
older people develop ___,___,___ on their skin
skin tags, warts, and moles
43
variations of normal in the integumentary system (4)
breaks, pale/white/reddened ares, black/blue ares, changes in scalp/hair
44
pale/white/reddened areas of skin indicate
stage 1 pressure ulcers (and other stages)
45
preventing skin problems in residents requires
positioning and skin care
46
follow ____ for positioning directives
care plan
47
prevent _____ when positioning
bed friction (like powdered sheets)
48
prevent head ____ when postioning
shearing
49
what is head shearing?
raising head above 30 degress
50
watch out for _____ with orthotic devises
bony prominces
51
soap can ____ and ___ the skin with integumentary abnormalities
dry and irritate. use cleansing agent
52
what are ROM exercies
exercises that move each joint through its full ROM
53
what are PROM exercises
passive ROM exercises (you move their body for them)
54
pronation is?
palm down
55
supination is?
palm up
56
abduction vs adduction
arm away vs arm toward the body
57
dorsiflexion is?
foot flex up
58
plantarflexion is?
pointing ankles
59
opposition movements are when
parts of the body move in opposite directions to exercises. i.e., thumb to pinky.
60
height decreases ____ between ages __ and ___
1 to 2 inches, 20 and 70
61
what is arthritis
inflammation or swelling of the joints causes stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility
62
two types of arthritis
osteo (degenerative due to age) and rheumatoid (small to large at any age)
63
bones become ___ and ___ with age
weak, brittle
64
arthritis medicine can cause (2)
heartburn and stomach aches
65
nurse aid's role with a fracture (2)
elevate the cast slightly higher than heart level, and observe for further abnormalities like swelling, sores, etc.
66
nurse aid's role with a hip fracture(4)
stay mindful of weight-bearing limitations, what ROM exercises to do and when, use abductions pillows, and just follow the care plan
67
danger of not doing ROM exercises during hip fracture
blood clots which will get in lungs and lead to death
68
phantom pain possibly happens because
damaged nerve endings
69
do you report phantom pain?
YES. medication may be needed
70
what is muscle contracture?
the muscle or tendon freezes and shortens casuing PERMANENT disability
71
what is muscle atrophy?
the muscle degenrates due to lack of use
72
what to do to prevent contracture and atrophy?
ROM exercises and positioning
73
what is the nervous system
controls and coordinates the body functions
74
the nervous system is the reflex center for the?
respiration and heartbeat
75
the central nervous system consists of
brain and spinal cord
76
the peripheral nervous system consists of
includes nerves that travel throughout the body
77
strokes are caused by?(2)
a broken blood vessel in the brain or when oxygen to the brain is disrupted and the brainds cells die
78
what is hemiplegia?
paralysis on one side of the body after stroke
79
what is hemiparesis
weakness on one side of the body after stroke
80
expressive aphasia
trouble speaking and writing after stroke
81
receptive aphasia
trouble receiving and understanding information after stroke
82
what is emotional liability
uncalled for emotional outburtst after stroke
83
what is dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
84
what 9 things can someone experience after a stroke
hemiplagia, hemiparesis, expressive aphagea, receptive aphegia, emotional liability, loss of sensation, loss of bowl.bladder control, cognitive impairment, and dysphagia
85
never call residents stroke affected side as ___
bad side
86
strokes increase the risk of what skin condition
pressure ulcers
87
what does TOSS stand for
take
off
strong
side
(referring to dressing post stroke)
88
what does POW stand for
put
on
weaker (side)
(referring to dressing post stroke)
89
what is paraplegia
complete paralysis on lower body
90
what is quadraplegia
complete paralysis of entire body including trunk
91
what is logrolling
whole body go weeee (two man job) keep the spine stright
92
what is foot drop
paralysis of the front muscle on the foot. literally is what it sounds like
93
what can be used for foot drop
positioning boots
94
what is edema
swelling of the hands and feet
95
what is cyanosis
pale/blue hands, feet, or lips
96
weight gain from cardiovascular issues comes from?
fluid retention
97
what are some abnormalities to signal cardiovascular issues (4)
edema
cyanosis
weakness or tiredness
Fluid retention
98
nurse aid's role during congestive heart failure (6)
common sense and intake & output records, elastic stockings, weighing resident, elevating feet, and head of bed
99
abnormalities with respiratory issues (5)
cyanosis
dyspnea
changes in R rate
tiredness
pain in chest
100
what is dyspnea
difficulty breathing
101
what is ccpd (copd)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
102
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic, proggresive diesease causing expiration troubles. includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
103
what is chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi usually caused by smoking
104
what is emphysema
when someone got bronchitis and didn't quit smoking now they got this smh. they on oxygen now
105
nurse aid's role in ccpd (4)
position so they are upright, offer small meals and fluids, encourage pursed breathing, observe oxygen,
106
nurse aid's role with respiratory system (4)
postion for lung expansion, light exercise, encourage deep breathing exercises, limit exposure to smoke
107
the thinning of the stomach lining can cause?
digestive issues
108
what is peristalsis?
poop movement on the inside. the canal.
108
what is peristalsis?
poop movement on the inside. the canal.
109
what is a sphincter
booty hole muscle
110
is incontinence apart of aging
no
111
what is ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine
112
ulcerative colitis can result in
a colostomy
113
what is a colostomy
a surgically created opening (stoma) from large intestine to allow stool into a bag
114
fecal impaction looks like what in the underwear
streak
115
nurse aid digestive system care (3)
offer fluids each time you enter room (unless on fluid restriction), exercise, toileting schedule
116
urinary system rids waste form where
blodd
117
urinary system structure:
kidneys located in the abdominal cavity back, ureters tubing kidneys to the bladder, urinary sac, and urethra leading it all the way outside
118
how big are kidneys
four to five inches
119
what do kidneys do (2)
filter waste from blood and produces urine, regulate electrolytes
120
what do kidneys HELP with
maintaining water balance and blodd pressure
121
how long are ureters
about a foot
122
how long are ureters in males vs females
seven to eight vs one and a half inches
123
whos more prone to uti
females
124
never refer to adult briefs as a
diaper
125
what is "clean catch" urine
mid stream pee
126
24 hour collection of urine is
all the urine of the day, but not the first (that's yesterday)
127
what is the endocrine system
system of GLANDS that secrete chemicals directly into blood stream
128
structure of endocrine system?
glands throughtout the body
129
functions of the endocrine system?(6)
maintain balance
growth
sugar in blood
calcium in bones
regulate reproduction
regulate metabolism
130
diabetes mellitus happens because?
pancreases produces too little or does not use insulin properly
131
why is insulin needed in the body
it moves glucose to cells who need glucose for energy
132
why do diabetics have high blood sugar?
the sugar levels rose because there's no insulin to move it
133
three types of diabetes?
type 1, type 2, and gestational (only for pregnant women)
134
nurse aid's pay special attention to what for diabetic residents
DIET.
135
report to nurse if diabetic refuses a?
meal
136
how to know if resident has hypoglycemia?
"cold and clammy need some candy"
137
how to know if a resident has hyperglycemia?
"sweet breath gives sugar a rest"
138
nurse aid should observe how a diabetic ____ their meal
eats
139
what is eupnea
it just normal breathing
140
normal respiratory rate?
12 - 20 breaths per minute
141
what do veins do
carry trash blood to heart
142
what do arteries do
carry clean blood to cells form heart
143
what is a pulse?
a wave of blood passing through the artery. felt at an artery
144
what is pulse rate
number of beats per minute
145
what is pulse rythym
regularity of heart beats
146
what is pulse force
intensity of heart beat
147
what are the 6 pulse sites
temporal (under ear)
carotid (neck)
apical (over heart)
brachial (inside elbow)
radial(wrist)
pedal(foot)
148
never check ___ pulse with two hands
carotid
149
brachial pulse is usually measured when ____ is measured
blood pressure
150
normal heart rate for adults
60 - 100 beats per minute
151
what is the term for less than 60 heart beats per minute
bradycardia
152
what is the term for more than 100 heartbeats per minute
tachycardia
153
normal adult blood pressure ranges
systolic = 90 - 119 mm Hg
diastolic = 60 - 79 mm Hg
154
blood pressure is measured in what units/
millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg)
155
what is hypertension?
elevated blood pressure
156
what is hypotension
too low blood pressure
157
the temperature taking types (5)
oral - mouth
rectal - rectum
axilla - armpit
tympanic -ear
temporal artery - forehead
158
normal oral temperature range
97.6 F - 99.6 F
159
baseline oral temp
98.6 F
