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Flashcards in More Psych Deck (41)
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1
Q

Goal of Health Psych

A

to gain deeper understanding of psychological processes so as to improve health outcoems of individuals

2
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A
  • studies systemic communication and functional influence
  • includes psychology, neuroscience, endocrinology, immunology, cardiology
  • it is an interdisciplinary science that believes our psychological, behavioural, and physical processes are closely related
3
Q

Relationship between naturopathic medicine and health psychology

A
  • treat the whole person
  • address the root cause
  • prevent health problems by helping people cope with stress and change health-related behaviours
  • encourage healthy lifestyles
  • minimize the effect of physical illness
  • understand the effects of chronic illness
  • support positive regard for self
  • support healthy relationships
  • emphasize a biopsychosocial model of health and well being
4
Q

Multidimensional correlations of health

A
  • the meaning a person gives to his/her symptoms or condition
  • what the individual consciously or unconsciously wants and believes
  • the individuals personality, response style and psychological state
  • social context: social expectations, rules/patterns learned from the family and culture
5
Q

4 premises of medical care

A
  1. doctors treat patients, not diseases
  2. the body has the final word
  3. all medical care flows through the relationship between physician and patient
  4. the spoken language is the most important tool in medicine
6
Q

6 Essentials of counselling

A
  1. learn to be present
    2 .intentional interview skills
  2. be aware of your biases, issues, judgements
  3. communication skills
  4. building the therapeutic relationship
    6/ Theoretical foundations and specific counselling techniques
7
Q

DSM-IV

A
  • the diagnostic, and statistics manual
  • clinical guide, not a definitive source
  • useful depending on orientation
  • useful to understanding DSM axis
  • usedul to understand DSM terminology and assessment
8
Q

DSM-IV “MENTAL DISORDER”

A
  • a clinically significant behavioural or phsychological syndrom or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress or disability, or with a significantly increase risk of suffering death, pain, disability or important loss of freedom
9
Q

The engagement process includes

A
  1. blending
  2. conveying empathy
  3. creating a safe space
  4. clinician genuineness
  5. clinician expertise
10
Q

Blending

A

the behavioural and emotional clues from the interview that suggest the the engagement process is proceeding effectively
- allows you to monitor the degree of engagement during the interview

11
Q

Building rapport

A
  • attention to both verbal and non verbal langrage
  • eye contact, tone, body language, posture, movement, breathing
  • empathy
  • active listening
12
Q

Establish Safety

A
  • non judgemental curiosity
  • respect
  • compassion
  • pace of interview
  • emotional stability
13
Q

Convey Genuineness

A
  • mindfullness, presence
  • emotional integrity
  • congruence with self
  • honest communication
14
Q

Demonstrate Expertise

A
  • awareness, insight
  • clinical interview, exam, assessment
  • ‘docere
15
Q

How to maintain appropriate boundaries

A
  1. keep your focus on the patient
  2. be aware of your personal needs
  3. avoid dual relationships
16
Q

Why people dont listen

A
  • they cant suspend their own needs
  • they feel like they have to defend themselves
  • they are preoccupied
  • your style of communication is not effective
  • what we say makes them anxious
17
Q

When someone might not hear what you think you said

A
  • transference and counter-transference
  • the listeners own agenda
  • preconceived notions
  • emotional reactivity
18
Q

Benefits of Active listening

A
  • speaker feels heard
  • speaker feels worthwile
  • listener checks accuracy
  • listener witholds own feelings
  • speaker offers own solutions- taking responsibility
  • promotes warmth and understanding
19
Q

4 keys to attentive listening

A
  1. ask for clarification
  2. reflect content
  3. reflect feeling
  4. reflect meaning
20
Q

How to let go of your own needs and listen

A
  • pay attention
  • suspend your agenda
  • ask specific Q’s
  • affirm understanding
  • be willing to relinquish control
  • let go of your needs
21
Q

Be aware of own nonverbal habits:

A
  • touch
  • eye contact
  • facial expression
  • tone
  • breathing
  • body language
22
Q

5 Different Gates

A
Spontaneous Gate
Natural Gate
Referred Gate
Phantom Gate
Implied Gate
23
Q

Spontaneous gate

A

patient changes content region

24
Q

natural gate

A

transitional question- bridge

25
Q

referred gate

A

Dr refers back to an earlier statement

26
Q

Phantom Gate

A

out of context (TRY TO AVOID)

27
Q

Implied Gate

A

natural process but no specific point of reference

28
Q

The termination

A

actual closing/gestures

goal- to stabilize the relationshop and convey a quiet warmth

29
Q

Why we need humor

A

enhances self-esteem
enhances immune system
helps increase pain tolerance

30
Q

Why we dont use humor

A

too busy
too serious
too much ego

31
Q

Chronic/High levels of anxiety associated with what

A
  • palpitation/ chest pain
  • cold and sweaty extremities
  • band- like pressure around head
  • constriction of the throat
  • fatigue
  • lack of appetite
32
Q

Genaralized anxiety disorder

A

unrealistic or excessive anxiety and worry about multiple life circumstances and is associated with the presence of cognitive, behavioral, and physical disturbances.

33
Q

Motor Tension

A

Trembling, twitching, feeling shaky
Muscle tension, aches, soreness
Restlessness
Easily fatigued

34
Q

Autonomic Hyperactivity

A

Shortness of breath or sensations of being smothered
Palpitations, tachycardia
Sweating, cold/clammy hands, flushed/chilled
Dry mouth
Dizziness, lightheadedness
Nausea, diarrhea, or other abdominal distress
Frequent urination
Trouble swallowing; lump in throat

35
Q

Vigilance and Scanning

A
Feeling “Keyed up” or on edge
Exaggerated startle response
Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank due to anxiety
Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
Irritability
36
Q

Sx of Depression

A
Reduced energy level
Change in sleep habit
Change in eating habits
Withdrawal from interactions with others
Gloomy, dark or sad seelings
Self-criticism
Sense of helplessness
37
Q

Working with depression

A
  • Dr-Patient relationship
  • Journalling
  • cognitive therapy
  • lifestyle factors
38
Q

If there is bad communication

A
  • inaccurate symptom reporting
  • misdiagnosis
  • Pt may not understand Tx
  • poor outcomes
39
Q

Prevention Behaviors

A

Primary- before a person is at risk
Secondary- when risk factor develops
Tertiary-manage or reverse course of Dz

40
Q

Factors that influence health behaviors

A
Having reliable information
Believing health goals are valuble
Willingness and ability to comply with treatment
Personality characteristics
Social reinforcement
41
Q

Methods of promoting compliance

A

Internal motivation
Problem-solving
Social influence
Multiple sources of information