Most Common Part 1 Flashcards
Compiled most commons
1
Q
Most common cause of congenital UTO
A
UPJ obstruction
2
Q
Most common nonobstructive cause of
dilatation of the urinary tract observed in
prenatal utz
A
VUR
3
Q
Most common vascular lesion in LN:
A
simple
vascular immune deposition
4
Q
Most common lesion in SLE active class 3 and 4
A
simple
vascular immune deposition
5
Q
Most common class LN where you find
Noninflammatory necrotizing vasculopathy
in arterioles
A
active class IV LN
6
Q
Most common class of LN where
tubulointerstitial immune deposits are found
A
active proliferative class III and IV LN.
7
Q
Most common pattern of glomerular
involvement for MCTD
A
membranous
nephropathy
8
Q
Most common form of crescentic GN
A
Pauciimmune
rapidly progressive GN
9
Q
Most common ANCA for px with WG w
granulomatous lesions
A
C ANCA against
PR3
10
Q
The most common associated illness found
in patients with classic PAN
A
hepatitis B
infection
11
Q
Most common organ affected in PAN
A
kidney
12
Q
Most common clinical findings of true PAN
A
constitutional symptoms of fever, weight
loss, and malaise
13
Q
For Microscopic polyangitis: most typical
histologic finding
A
focal segmental
necrotizing GN with crescents affecting from
few to many glomeruli
14
Q
Most common ANCA in Churg Strauss
Syndrome
A
Most are P-ANCA and anti-MPO positive
15
Q
Most common Ig deposited (seen in IF) in
HSP
A
IgA
16
Q
Most common Ig depostited in LN
A
IgG
17
Q
most common biopsy picture for
Goodpasture
A
diffuse crescentic GN
involving more than 50% of glomeruli, with
exuberant, predominantly circumferential
crescents
18
Q
Most common IF finding Goodpasture
A
intense and diffuse linear staining for IgG
involving the GBM
19
Q
Most common renal pathology in Sjogrens
A
tubulointerstitial nephritis
20
Q
Most common renal findings in Sarcoidosis
A
granulomatous interstitial nephritis,
nephrolithiasis, and tubular functional
abnormalities
21
Q
The most common organ involved in AL
amyloid
A
Kidneys, heart, peripheral nerves
22
Q
Most common cause of death in amyloidosis
A
Cardiac involvement with associated heart
failure and arrhythmias
23
Q
Most common renal presentation of
cryoglobulinemia
A
acute nephritic picture
24
Q
Most common disease associated with
Mixed Cryo type II and III
A
HCV
25
Most pathognomonic ophthalmic abnormality
in Alport’s
Anterior lenticonus
26
Most common GN assocd with NSAIDS
MCD (with interstitial nephritis)
27
Most common GN assocd with Heroin
FSGS
28
Most common GN assocd with Gold/Pencillamine/carcinoma/Hep B
Membranous
29
Most common risk factor for HIVAN
IV drug use
30
Most common glomerular lesions among
whites who have HIV (no IV drug use)
diffuse mesangial hyperplasia
31
Most common pattern of IMMUNE
COMPLEX mediated GN seen in HIV
MGPN
32
Most typical GN lesion in IE:
focal and
segmental endocapillary proliferative GN w
focal crescents
33
The most common pattern of Monoclonal Ig
Deposition disease
LCDD – light chain
depos. Dse
34
Major lesion of DMN Type 1 leading to renal dsynfxn:
Mesangial expansion
35
Major cause of mortality among T1DM
ESRD
36
Major cause of fistula malfunctions in DM px
inadequate arterial inflow
37
Major nutritional problem of PD
gain of glucose
38
Most important host defense that maintains
sterility of urine
normal, unobstructed
voiding
39
Most abundant protein in urine
Tamm
Horsfall protein
40
Most common cytokines involved in UTI
IL-6
and IL-8
41
Most UTIs post KT occur
first 3 months
42
Most common pathogen UTI post KT
Enterobac – E. coli
43
Most common pathogen Emphysematous
cystitis/PN
E. coli, Kpn
44
Most common pathogen Xanthogran PN
P. mirabilis (followdb by Ecoli)
45
Most common urine picture in GUTB
sterile pyuria with hematuria
46
Most common CT finding for GUTB
renal calcification
47
Most common pathogen cystitis
E. coli
(2nD:S. saprophyticus)
48
Strongest assocn of recurrent acute cystitis
in postmenop women
History of prior UTI at
a younger age
49
The most common pathogen causing
asymptomatic bacteriuria in men >65
CONS
50
Most common and important parastitic
infestation of Urinary tract
Schistosoma
hematobium
51
Most common extrarenal findings in
Atheroemboilic dse
Cutaneous symptom
52
Most common internal organ affected by
Atheroembolic dse
kidney
53
Most common intervention reported to incite
chole embolizaion
arteriographic procedures
(coro angio)
54
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
with gross hematuria
Hb-AS2
55
Most common sickle cell variant to manifest
with proteinuria
homozygous Hb-SS
56
Most common source of bleeding in papillary
necrosis in px with SC:
Left kidney
57
Most prominent lesions seenin pathology of
px with sickle cell disease:
medullary lesions
58
Most common cause of renal failure in sickle
cell diseae
FSGS
59
Most common location of Renal artery
aneurysm
bifurcation of renal artery or in first order branch arteries
saccular type
tto in situ aneurysmectomy
and revasularization
60
Most common manifestation of chronic
dissection of renal artery aneurysm
Renovascualar HPN
61
RVT in adults most commonly assocated
with
Nephrotic syndrome
62
Most common precipitating event for type 1
HRS:
SBP
63
Principal risk factor for devt of AKI
CKD
64
Most common immunologic cause of
Intersitial nephritis
Acute allograft rejection
in transplant px
65
Second most common cause of intrinsic AKI
nephrotoxic
66
Most nephrotoxic antibiotic
Neomycin
67
Most common site of cisplatin nephrotoxicity
in rats
S3 segment of PT in corticomedullary
region
68
Most common cause of postrenal azotemia
bladder neck obstruction
69
Most common segment in PT damaged in
ischemic injury
S3
70
Mot common segment involved in toxic
nephropathy
S1, S2
71
Most common intrinsic AKI that presents with
FeNa of <1%:
radiocontrast, rhabdo
72
Most common location of extra adrenal
tumor in pheo
Abdomen - superior and
inferior paraaortic areas
73
Most common / α-blocker of choice for med
tx of pheo
phenoxybenzamine
74
The most common routine laboratory finding
in GRA
low PRA level
75
Highest level of NOS activity
medullary collecting ducts
76
FiBromuscular dysplasia (cause of RAS)
assocd s string of beads appearance
Medial fibroplasia
77
Renal reperfusion injury most pronounced in
prox tubules
78
FMD more common in right renal artery
women
79
Most common renovascular lesion
Atherosclerosis affecting renal arteries.
(ARAS)
80
Most cmon presentation RAS
worsening of preexisting hpn
81
Most common cause of DGF in deceased
donor kidney recipients
ischemic ATN
82
Most common cause of allograft loss in the
first week
Acute vascular thrombosis
83
Most common time period acute rejections
occur in:
first 6 mths
84
Most common time period acute rejections
first 6 mths
85
Most commonly implicated cause of AIN in
KT px:
TMP SMX
86
Best test to demonstrate bladder leak:
cystography
87
Most commn time frame that UTO occurs
post KT
early post KT period (within 6 mos)
88
most important cause of allograft dysfunction
after the first 6 to 12 months
Chronic
allograft injury (CAI).
89
Principal risk factors in persistent hyperpara
in post KT:
degree of pre transplant
hyperpara, duration of dialysis
90
Principal cause of hyperK in post KT
CNI
91
The most important cause of hyperuricemia
and gout after transplant
CNIs (particularly
CYA)
92
Most commonly affected bone in
Osteonecrosis post KT
the femoral head
93
Most sensitive diagnostic modality to dx
osteonecrosis
MRI
94
Most of the bone loss in post KT
osteoporosis occurs in the
first 6 months
after transplant.
95
Most common cause of early and late
allograft loss
Death with a functioning
allograft (mc. Casue: cardiovascular disease)
96
Most common type of PTLD post transplant
non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
97
Most common time frame PTLD occurs post
KT:
24 months after transplant
98
Major risk factor for pre
eclampsia
APAS (followed by Renal
disease)
99
Most reliable sign of superimposed pre
eclampsia on chronic HPN (in the absence of
underlying renal disease
new onset
proteinuria (>300 mg/day) usually with
worsening HPN
100
The most common cause of AKI during
pregnancy
prerenal azotemia due to
hyperemesis gravidarum or vomiting from
acute pyelonephritis
101
Most common stones in pregnancy
Calcium
oxalate and calcium phosphate
102
Most common renal problem encountered
during gestation
infection of urinary trac
103
Most common complication of pregnancy in
KTR:
hypertension
104
Most relevant phosphatonin in the setting of
CKD
FGF23
105
Most important transport channel in the
transcellular uptake of Ca in the kidneys
TRPV5 (as opposed to intestines: TRPV 6)
106
highest density of protein expression of CasR
cortical thick ascending
limb.
107
most important determinantin minute to
minute PTH secretio
extracellular
concentration of ionized calcium
108
Most potent phosphate-binding compounds
Aluminum
109
most effective agent available for reducing
serum PTH levels in patients with ESRD
Cinacalcet
110
The most frequent side effect of cinacalcet
nausea and vomiting
111
Most common and most troublesome side
effect of icodectrin
Skin rashes
112
most common pathway of invasion in
peritonitis
catheter’s lumen
(the next most frequent pathway is by the
periluminal route)
113
Most common organism causing peritonitis
G (+) particularly S. epidermidis
114
Most common overt complication of primary
Hyperpara
nephrolithiasis
115
Most important inhibitor of stone formation
citrate
116
Most important regulator of citrate reabsorption
cell pH in the proximal tubule
117
The most prevalent cause of hyperuricosuria
in px with kidney stones
excessive dietary
purine
118
Most important and invariant finding in uric
acid nephrolithiasis
low urinary pH
119
Most common encountered stone with
HYPERURICOSURIA
ca oxalate
120
Most important stimuli for AVP secretion
under physiologic conditions
osmotic
pressure of plasma
121
Most common mutation in Congential NDI
mutations of the AVP V2 receptor
122
most common cause of drug induced NDI
lithium
123
Most common causes of
pseudohyponatremia
primary or secondary
hyperlipidemic disorders.
124
Most common extrarenal cause of
hypovolemic hyponatremia:
gastrointestinal
disease with vomiting or diarrhea.
125
Most common cause of diuretic induced
hyponatremia
thiazides
126
Most common cause of hyponatremia in
hospitalized px:
SIADH
127
Most common tumor causing SIADH
Small cell Ca
128
Most common side effect of Conivaptan
injection site reactions
129
Most commonly expressed KCC in the proximal tubule
KCC3 , KCC4
130
Most AQP1 in the tDL is expressed in what
type of epithelial cell:
type II
131
Most AQP1 expressed in this segment
thin descending limb of LOH (OM)
132
NKCC2 protein with the highest affinity for
Cl
NKCC2B
133
Most NaKATPase expressed in
DCT
