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Most common Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Low energy state mc symptoms

A

weakness + SOB

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2
Q

Low energy state mc signs

A

Dyspnea + Tachypnea

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3
Q

Low energy state mc infections

A

Pulmonary + UTI

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4
Q

Low energy state mcc free radical formation

A

infections (neutrophils)

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5
Q

Low energy state mc cause of death

A

heart failure

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6
Q

mc infections

A

viruses

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7
Q

mcc severe abdominal pain

A

pancreatitis (moans/groans)

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8
Q

mcc pseudotumor cerebri

A
  1. Obesity 2. Vit A Overuse
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9
Q

mcc folate def

A

overcooked vegetables

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10
Q

mcc B12 def in US

A

pernicious anemia (Type A Gastritis)

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11
Q

Mcc spontaneous Venous Clot formation

A

Factor V leiden (MC Mutation worldwide)

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12
Q

Mcc Iron def
children
20-40
men
women

A
  1. Inadequate intake in Children/Young adult
  2. 20-40yo: IBD(Chrons is MC)
  3. Men>40: Mucosal Bleeds (r/o Colon Cancer)
  4. Women > 40: Endometrial Bleeds (r/O Cancer)
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13
Q

Mcc 2* Amyloidosis

A

acute phase Reactants (IL-6)
Acute Inflammatory state

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14
Q

MC conjugation Mechanism of large water soluble molecules

A

Acetylation (90%)

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15
Q

MCC myositis/Polymyositis(CPK leak)

3 factors

A
  1. Hypothyroid (2*Endo: Cushing’s)
  2. Drugs(RIPS): rifampin, INH, Prednisone(steroids), Statins
  3. Infection: Trichinella spiralis (raw Bear Meat)
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16
Q

MCC Rhadomyosis (Myoglobin Leak)

A
  1. trauma
  2. Fat Soluble Drugs (Statins)
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17
Q

MCC Oxidized Iron

A
  1. Infections (Free radicals)
  2. Drugs (SAMI): Sulfur drug(MC), Antimalarials, metronidazole, INH
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18
Q

MCC Cyanide Poisoning in US

A

Sodium Nitroprosside

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19
Q

MCC Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

A

Iron Def

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20
Q

MCC Mental Retardation

A
  1. Fetal Alcohol syndrome
  2. Fragile X (Dx Methotrexate)
  3. Downs Syndrome
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21
Q

MC anemia in Mediterraneans

A

Thalassemias (AR),
G6PD (Protects pt from Malaria)

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22
Q

MC Transfusion Related Reactions

A

ABO incompatibility

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23
Q

MC collagen Disease

A

Marfan’s
Fibrillin / MVP AR/ Retina detachment upward (from the Bottom)

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24
Q

2 MC Arthritis in Mid Age female

A
  1. RA
  2. SLE
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25
MCC G6PD Hemolytic Crisis
1. Infections 2. Drugs(SAMI)
26
MC used Anti-inflammatory in US:Best drug ever:
Steroids
27
Effects of Steroid:SIK
Inhibit phospholipids A 2 Kill T-Cell &eosinophils Stabilize endothelium Stabilize mast cell Inhibit macrophages & Neutrophil migration
28
MC type of Gallstones
Cholesterol Stones (Yellow or Clears)
29
Passing Gallstone use (Drug)
meperidine
30
MC location of Gallstone
1. Cystic Duct (90%) 2. Common Bile Duct (10%)
31
MC over the counter NSAID
Ibuprofen
32
MC Type of Necrosis
Ischemic/Coagulative (MCC is Ischemia)
33
MCC Fibrinous Necrosis
1. Vasculitis 2. Uremia 3. TB
34
MC Location of Fat necrosis
1. pancreas 2. Breast
35
MC location of Abscesses
Brain(Liquefactive Necrosis) Least likely is Lungs due to dual bld supply
36
MCC for every Monosomy/Trisomy
Nondisjunction (Watch in Down's for robetsonian Translocation)
37
MC Leukemia in Down's
AML (M3=PML)
38
MC Leukemia in children (overall)
ALL
39
MC Antimetabolite
Methotrexate (Blocks dihydrofolate Reductase)
40
MC Endocardial Cushion Defect in the population
VSD
41
MC second messenger
cAMP(sympathetic/Catabolic/Protein Kinase A)
42
MCC HypoNatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, High TPR, Metabolic alkaloisis
Low Volume State
43
MC Gallop dt atherosclerosis
S4 sound (Hypertrophy)
44
MC Congenital Heart Dz
VSD>ASD>PDA> coarctation of aorta
45
MCC of ASD in General population
Septum Premium did Not meet the Secundum
46
MCC of Aortic Stenosis
aging/dystrophic Calcification
47
MCC aortic regurgitation
Aging/Calcifications
48
MCC Mitral Stenosis Mid diastolic mummer
Rheumatic Fever
49
MCC Mitral Regurgitation
1. MVP 2. SBE : subacute Bacterial endocarditis 3. Collagen Dz
50
MCC Tricuspid Stenosis
Rheumatic Fever / Carcinoid Syndrome
51
MCC tricuspid Regurgitation
Acute Endocarditis (S. aureus - IV Drugs)
52
MCC Pulmonary Valve dz
always congenital
53
mc location of congenital AV Malformations
Brain/ Lungs/ Liver
54
MC location of AV shunt Iatrogenic/Traumatic
Groin(Femoral vein)
55
MC Vasculitis in Children
HSP
56
MCC of DIC
Sepsis, Trauma
57
MCC Renal failure in Children
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (EHEC or Shigella)
58
MCC Rashes in Hands and feet
SSSS,TSST1, Scarlet Fever, RMSF, Coxackie A, Kawasaki, Streptobacillus Moliniformis
59
MCC Crescent formation In Kidney (Glomeruli Scar)
1. Goodpasture(Anti-GBM-AB) 2. Wageners (C-ANCA)
60
MCOD of Osler webber Rondu (AVM)
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
61
MCC cryoglobulinemia (I AM HE)
Influenza Adenovirus mycoplasma Hep B/C EBV
62
MC Cyanotic Heart Dz of Newborn (<1m old)
Transposition of great Arteries (Spiral membrane Never Developed)
63
MC cyanotic Heart Dz of Newborn 1 month of age
Tetralogy of Fallot (Spiral membrane rotated too far) -Overriding Aorta / PS/ RVH/ VSD
64
MC type of Anemia
Microcytic Hypochromic (FAST Lead)
65
MCC Polycythemia
Hypoxia
66
MCC Spherocytosis
1. Aged RBCs 2. Hereditary Spherocytosis
67
MCC Elliptocytosis
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
68
MCC Tear Drop Cells
Iron Deficiency anemia
69
MCC Heinz Bodies
G6PD
70
MCC Basophilic stapling
Lead Poisoning
71
MCC Acanthocytes
Hyperlipidemia (Familial)
72
MCC Thrombocytopenia
1. Viruses (Parvo B19/ Hep C/ Hep E) 2. Drug (ABCV): AZT/ Benzene / Chloramphenicol / Vinblastine 3. ITP
73
MCC Stimulation of Intrinsic Clotting system
Exposed Basement Membrane
74
MCC Stimulation of Extrinsic Clotting System
Trauma, Tissue factor(TF Release)
75
Criteria for SLE
(DOPAMIN RASH) Discoid Rash, Oral ulcers, photosensitivity, Arthritis, Malar Rash, Immune disorder, Neuro disorder, Renal failure, ANA, Serositis (Pleuritic/Pericarditis) Libman Sacks: Vegetations on Both Side of the valves + Hemolytic Anemia
76
MCC of paroxysmal Supraventriclular Tachycardia in teenager(PSVT)
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome Delta wave on EKG
77
MCC Renal Artery Stenosis
Atherosclerosis in elders Fibromuscular dysplasia (females <30yo)
78
MCC Atrophic kidney
Renal Artery stenosis
79
MCC of 2* HTN
Renal artery stenosis
80
MC 5-Alpha reductase defi symptoms arises during
puberty
81
MC location for Berry aneurysms/SAH in PCKD
posterior communicating artery
82
MCC abdominal aorta aneurysms
artherosclerosis
83
MC reasons for severe abdominal pain
Pancreatitis (mid episode to back) kidney stone(flank pain) gallstones AAA tearing ischemic bowel (sudden, dt clot)
84
MCC thoracic Aneurysms
Trauma (decelerating injury) collagen vascular Dz syphilis Takayasu dz (Asian females)
85
MC type kidney stone
calcium phosphate (dt low vol state)
86
Struvite stones commonly associated with
urease (+) UTI (1. proteus 2 pseudomonas) Ureaplasma, helicobacter Pylori, klebsiela, Nocardia, cryptococcus, saprophyticus
87
MCC Uric acid stones
Low Volume state (Dehydration)
88
MCC Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Chemotherapy (Lysed Cells)
89
MCC bladder outlet obstruction
Posterior Urethral valves (Male>Female)
90
MCC abdominal Mass in Newborns
enlarged bladder
91
MCC Hydronephrosis
Newborn: post urethral valve child: UtI Adolescents: STI Men: BPH women: 1. Uterine Prolapse 2. cystocele
92
MCC UTI in children
1. E.coli 2. Proteus 3. Klebsiella Viral: Adenovirus Nitrite neg: Enterococcus (G-Pos)
93
MCC STI
1 Chlamydia 2 Gonorrhea 3. Actinomyces in old IUD)
94
MCC unilateral Hydronephrosis
Kidney Stones
95
MCC Bilateral Hydronephrosis
Obstruction/Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
96
MCC Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Methysergide(migraine and cluster headache treatment), Chronic nitrofurantoin(water-soluble: binds the bacterial ribosome
97
MCC incontinence
Urge incontinence (^ Detrusor?low capacity)
98
MC incontinence in Women after childbirth
Stress incontinence (low sphincter presssure
99
MCC overflow incontinence
Child: Posterior Urethral Valve Men: BPH women: Uterine prolapse
100
MCC Post Renal acute renal failure
Men: BPH women: uterine prolapse
101
MC congenital Genitourinary abnormality
Hypospadia
102
MC Ballanitis assoc
S. Aureus/ Zipper injection / Uncircumcised Men
103
MCC urethritis (inflamed Urethra:STI)
Chlamydia N. Gonorrhea
104
MCC of Hyponatremia<120mEQ/L
SIADH
105
MCC Hypophosphatemia
Sepsis (causes Lactic Acidosis and Body Compensates by excreting H2PO4)
106
MCC proteinuria
Orthostasis
107
MC nephrotic syndrome in child
Minimal change DZ (aka Lipoid Nephrosis)
108
MC Nephrotic syndrome in Adults
FSGS (dt HTN and HIV)
109
MCC interstitial Nephritis
Drug Allergies Collagen Vascular Dz
110
MC lab seen in Glomerulonephritis
RBC cast Hematuria WBC cast
111
MC findings in Pyelonephritis
WBC cast flank pain urgency frequency (Complication: SEPSIS)
112
WBC Casts
Nephritis
113
RBC Casts
Glomerulonephritis
114
Eosinophils
Interstitial nephritis
115
Fatty Cast
Nephrotic
116
Waxy casts
chronic renal failure
117
mcc chronic renal failure
1. Diabetes 2. HTN
118
Hayline Cast +Epithelial cast
Normal sloughing of PCT cells
119
Crescents
RPGN: 1. Goodpasture (Anti-BM-Ab) 2. Wegner (C-ANCA)
120
Muddy(Brown) Casts
Acute Tubular Necrosis(Ischemia or toxins)
121
MCC UTI
E.coli (MC), Proteus, Klebsiella, adenovirus, nitrite neg enterococci Post coitus; S. Saprophyticus
122
MCC ARDS
1. Sepsis( endotoxin dilates vessels and flushes surfactant) 2. Trauma
123
MC location for aspirated coins
Carina(at T4 - Level of Nipple)
124
MCC pneumonia
1. Adenovirus 2. S. Pneumo 3. H. Influ 4. N. Catarrhalis 5. Klebsiella
125
MC Bacterial infection after flu
S. aureus
126
MC pneumonia in Homeless/ alcoholics
klebsialla(Likes fissures, Currant Jelly)
127
MC Asbestosis associated cancer
Bronchogenic carcinoma >Mesothelioma
128
MC Lung Mass in children/adults
Hamartoma Granuloma
129
MC Lung Tumor
Adnoma
130
MC age group for Bronchiolitis
Children(<2yo) (Can grow out of it)
131
MC location of Shingles (zoster)
1. T4 (Nipple line) dermatome (Burning chest pain 24hrs b4 Vesicular rash) 2 Forehead (CN V1 - Ophthalmic)
132
MCC Bronchitis (URI)
S. Pneumonia, H. influenza, N. Catarrahalis (SHiN)
133
MCC Pulsus Paradoxicus exaggerated Bp or Pulse drop on Inspiration
Pericardial Tamponade ? pneumothorax
134
MCC Pericardial Tamponade
Trauma Cancer (Muffled heart sounds, kussmaul sign P. paradox) CXR: Enlarged Cardiac shadow ECHO: compressed/Small Heart EKG: low voltage in all leads
135
MCC sinusitis
1. Virus 2. Bacteria (SHiN) -If Diabetic: mucor, Rhizopus
136
MCC female pseudohermaphroditism in children
1. 21 Hydroxylase def 2. 11 hydroxylase def (Addison's Dz)
137
MCC True male hermaphroditism
Absence of MIF
138
MC Pituitary Tumor
Non functional Adenoma
139
MC functional pituitary Tumor
Prolactinoma
140
MCC hypothyroidism worldwide
Iodine def
141
MCC SIADH
pain ^ICP Hypoxia Drugs Cancer
142
MC Abdominal Mass in children (after Newborn)
Neuroblastoma
143
MC Plummer syndrome age
>50 (Toxic multinodular Goiter, Hot nodule)
144
MC Isolated hypercalcemia in Adult
Parathyroid Adenoma (^PTH / ^Ca / low Phos)

Step 1 Clues (27 decks)

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