Motivation

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the wants or needs that direct behaviour toward a goal

Question 2

intrinsic

Answer 2

arising from internal factors (for personal satisfaction)

Question 3

extrinsic

Answer 3

arising from external factors (to receive something from others)

Question 4

overjustification effect

Answer 4

intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given

Question 5

instinct

Answer 5

a species-specific pattern of behaviour that is not learned

Question 6

William James theory

Answer 6

behaviour was driven by a number of instincts, which aid survival

(critiqued because of the role of learning in shaping behaviour)

Question 7

drive reduction theory

Answer 7

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs, result in behaviour to meet the need and bring the system back to homeostasis
(emphasizes the role habits play)

Question 8

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 8

a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

hierarchy of needs that spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social
(criticized for subjective nature)

Question 10

hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

Answer 10

insulin

Question 11

protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, cause brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Answer 11

leptin

Question 12

digestive tract hormone; sends i’m not hungry signals to the brain

Answer 12

PYY

Question 13

ghrelin

Answer 13

hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends i’m hungry signals

Question 14

orexin

Answer 14

hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalmus

Question 15

which neural arc secretes the appetite-stimulating hormones

Answer 15

arcuate nucleus

Question 16

metabolic rate

Answer 16

amount of energy expended in a given period of time

Question 17

set-point theory

Answer 17

asserts that each individual has an ideal weight, or set-point which is resistant to change (not received empirical support)

Question 18

affiliation need

Answer 18

deep need to belong

Question 19

did social bonds boost early ancestor’s chances of survival

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

self-determination theory

Answer 20

we strive to satisfy 3 needs:
competence
autonomy
relatedness

Question 21

what brain region is activated by pictures of loved ones

Answer 21

prefrontal cortex

Question 22

what brain activity does ostracism elicit

Answer 22

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 23

does rejection hurt more in collectivist or individualist cultures?

Answer 23

individualist

Question 24

father of human sexuality research

Answer 24

alfred kinney

Question 25

primary force behind our sex drive

Answer 25

pleasure

Question 26

SOCR

Answer 26

probability that a pair of individuals has the same sexual orientation

Question 27

is there evidence that masturbation can decrease prostate cancer (men over 50)

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

maslow's levels

Answer 28

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence