Motivation and Work

Question 1

sexual response cycle

Answer 1

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 2

flow

Answer 2

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Question 3

refractory period

Answer 3

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Question 3

set point

Answer 3

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 3

structured interviews

Answer 3

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Question 4

motivation

Answer 4

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Question 4

sexual orientation

Answer 4

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Question 5

task leadership

Answer 5

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Question 6

achievement motivation

Answer 6

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Question 7

testosterone

Answer 7

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 8

homeostasis

Answer 8

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 8

social leadership

Answer 8

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.

Question 11

incentive

Answer 11

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 12

estrogens

Answer 12

sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Question 13

personnel psychology

Answer 13

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 15

drive-reduction theory

Answer 15

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 17

human factors psychology

Answer 17

a subfield of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 18

organizational psychology

Answer 18

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Question 19

instinct

Answer 19

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 20

industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 20

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 22

hierarchy of needs

Answer 22

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Question 23

basal metabolic rate

Answer 23

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 24

sexual disorder

Answer 24

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.