Motor Behavior Final

Question 1

Define the term “motor skill”

Answer 1

act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the movement a performer produces

Question 2

Motor learning

Answer 2

emphasizes the acquisition of motor skills, the enhancement of performance of learned or highly experienced motor skills

Question 3

Motor control

Answer 3

emphasizes how the neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved int he performance of motor skills

Question 4

Motor development

Answer 4

emphasizes either or both motor learning and control issues but from the perspective of the relationship to human development from infancy to old age

Question 5

List the three stage of information processing

Answer 5

Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Response Programming

Question 6

The Stroop effect is an example of altering ____.

Answer 6

SR compatibility

Question 7

As S-R compatibility increases, reaction time ____.

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

In their 1967 research article Drowatsky & Zuccato provided evidence that ____ does/do not exist.

Answer 8

A general motor ability

Question 9

One final method of defining the term “skilled” is by assessing a person’s ability to ____ time expenditure while performing a task.

Answer 9

minimize

Question 10

As the number of S-R alternatives increases, reaction time ___.

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

As task complexity increases, reaction time ____.

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

3 components of the situation-based approach to motor behavior?

Answer 12

person, task, and setting

Question 13

3 components that make up motor skill

Answer 13

practice, knowledge, and ability

Question 14

Absolute Error

Answer 14

-A general index of accuracy

Question 15

Choice RT

Answer 15

-Multiple stimuli multiple responses

Question 16

closed skill

Answer 16

-Task performed in an environment that is predictable and allows performers to plan movements in advance

Question 17

cognitive skill

Answer 17

-Act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the decisions made

Question 18

constant error

Answer 18

-A measure of performance bias

Question 19

continuous skill

Answer 19

-Ongoing, repetitive skill with no recognizable beginning and end

Question 20

discrete skill

Answer 20

-Task that is usually brief in duration and has a well-defined beginning and end

Question 21

input

Answer 21

-All available sensory information

Question 22

learning

Answer 22

-Set of internal processes that, although not directly observable, is often assumed on the basis of stability in performance

Question 23

open skill

Answer 23

-Task performed in an environment that is unpredictable and requires performers to adapt movements

Question 24

output

Answer 24

-movement in response to a stimulus or stimuli

Question 25

performance

Answer 25

-Observable, measurable behavior that fluctuates in response to variables such as motivation, pressure, or fatigue

Question 26

RP

Answer 26

-Preparing the motor system for action

Question 27

RS

Answer 27

-Choosing a response to a stimulus or stimuli

Question 28

serial skill

Answer 28

-Task characterized by several discrete/continuous actions connected in a sequence, often with the order of actions important

Question 29

SI

Answer 29

-Using sensory systems to detect the most critical information

Question 30

simple RT

Answer 30

-one stimulus and one response

Question 31

S-R compatibility

Answer 31

-Degree to which relationship between a stimulus and the appropriate response is natural or congruent

Question 32

variable error

Answer 32

-A measure of performance

Question 33

attractor state

Answer 33

-Preferred, comfortable behavioral state

Question 34

closed-loop skill

Answer 34

-Type of control usually used for slow, continuous actions

Question 35

skills

Answer 35

-Learned capabilities

Question 36

motor program

Answer 36

-A set of rules that provide the basis for a motor skill

Question 37

capability

Answer 37

-General term for proficiency

Question 38

effector

Answer 38

-The muscles involved in producing a desired movement

Question 39

fundamental timing structure

Answer 39

-The sequence and timing of a movement

Question 40

open loop control

Answer 40

-Type of control usually used for quick, discrete actions

Question 41

invariant features

Answer 41

-Non-changing components of a GMP

Question 42

schema

Answer 42

-Preplanned set of commands for a movement

Question 43

phase transition

Answer 43

-Moving from a less energy-efficient movement to a more energy-efficient movement

Question 44

parameters

Answer 44

-Scalable(modified) components of a GMP

Question 45

abilities

Answer 45

-Innate capabilities

Question 46

Generalized motor programs

Answer 46

-The representation of a class of actions that share common characteristics

Question 47

List two theories of motor control

Answer 47

Schmitts Schema Theory & Dynamic Control

Question 48

List the 2 problems with a simple motor program notion

Answer 48

novelty & storage

Question 49

List the 2 components of GMPs

Answer 49

Invariant features and Parameters

Question 50

List the 3 stages of learning, according to Fitt's and Posner

Answer 50

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

Question 51

List the 3 types of Parameters

Answer 51

overall force, limb selection, and overall timing

Question 52

List the 3 types of invariant features

Answer 52

relative timing, amount of force, and sequencing of muscle coordination

Question 53

Information stored in the working memory stays there for about how long?

Answer 53

20-30secs

Question 54

According to Kahneman's theory of attention, what limits our attentional capacity?

Answer 54

Our arousal level

Question 55

What type of information is not stored in our long term memory?

Answer 55

Motivational

Question 56

How many items can you store in your working memory?

Answer 56

Roughly 5-7

Question 57

IZOF stands for what?

Answer 57

Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning

Question 58

Fitts Law

Answer 58

- Describes the relationship between ID and MT

Question 59

focal vision

Answer 59

-Used to identify objects in the central field

Question 60

dendrites

Answer 60

-Receives neural impulses

Question 61

fundamental timing structure

Answer 61

-The sequencing and timing of a movement

Question 62

pupil

Answer 62

-Lets light into the eye by changing its size

Question 63

ambient vision

Answer 63

-Used to detect movement in the central and peripheral fields

Question 64

proprioceptors

Answer 64

Attach to muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints and send sensory information about a movement

Question 65

axons

Answer 65

-Transmits neural impulses to other neurons

Question 66

golgi-tendon organs

Answer 66

-send information to the CNS about changes in tension and force

Question 67

List three sources of exteroception

Answer 67

vision, auditory, and tactile

Question 68

List the 2 sources of interoception

Answer 68

vestibular apparatus and proprioception

Question 69

List 2 exceptions to the speed accuracy trade off

Answer 69

Timing accuracy and coincidence anticipation

Question 70

List the 2 types of photoreceptors and their main function

Answer 70

cones and rods

Question 71

List the 2 components of a motor unit

Answer 71

motor neuron and muscle fiber

Question 72

According to SATO, as movement time increases, movement error will _____.

Answer 72

decrease

Question 73

According to Fitt's law as target width increases, movement time will ____.

Answer 73

Decrease