MSK

Question 1

when doing local inspection what am I looking for?

Answer 1

scars
muscle wasting
knee deformaties

Question 2

what is valgus

Answer 2

knock knees

Question 3

varus?

Answer 3

bow legged

Question 4

condition where bow legged

Answer 4

rickets or osteomalacia

Question 5

what is an effusion

Answer 5

An effusion is an excess of synovial fluid, which can be caused by arthritis or damage to the internal structures of the knee such as the meniscus

Question 6

how can you tell there is effusion?

Answer 6

Tap method

In a moderate effusion you will feel a tap as the patella hits the femur

Question 7

when inspecting you see wasting - what is this indicative of?

Answer 7

This can be due to disuse, especially if there is chronic pain on movement, such as in arthritis
If you were concerned about the wasting being a LMN finding you would perform a neuro examination

Question 8

what is swelling in the popliteal fossa indicative of?

Answer 8

A swelling in the popliteal fossa can be due to a Baker’s Cyst

Question 9

what is indicative of hyperextension?

Answer 9

when leg is flexed angle greater than 10 degrees

Question 10

what method for large effusions?

Answer 10

tap

your hear something

Question 11

what method for small effusions

Answer 11

sweep

you see ripples /bulge of fluid

Question 12

when testing MCL what kind of pressure do you apply

Answer 12

valgus stress

push at lateral part inwards

Question 13

when testing LCL what type of pressure do you apply

Answer 13

varus

push at medial aspect outwards

Question 14

hip flexors

Answer 14

Psoas major
Psoas minor
IliacusPectineus (also adducts and medially rotates)
Sartorius (also abducts and laterally rotates)

Question 15

Hip- Adductors

medial

Answer 15

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis (also flexes and medially rotates leg

Question 16

hip extensor

Answer 16

gluteus maximus

Question 17

Hip- Abductors + Medial rotators

Answer 17

Gluteus medius (also medially rotates)
Gluteus minimus (also medially rotates)
Tensor fasciae latae (also medially rotates

Question 18

Hip

Lateral Rotators

Answer 18

Piriformis
Obturator internus 
Gemelli –superior & inferior
Quadratus femoris
Obturat§or externus (medial thigh muscle)

Question 19

Collateral ligament damage

Answer 19

medial damage likely medial meniscus damage

Question 20

ACL tear?

Answer 20

hyperextension

Question 21

pcl tear

Answer 21

knee is flexed large force applied / hyperextension

Question 22

unhappy triad?

Answer 22

meniscus tear

MCL and ACL