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Anatomy > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of skeletal muscle cells

A

Striated
Multi-nucleated
Voluntary
Single cell can be up to 30cm long

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3
Q

Describe the characteristics of smooth muscle cells

A

Non-striated
Involuntary
Mono-nucleated

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4
Q

Describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle cells

A 
Striated 
Mono-nuclear
Involuntary
Joined by intercalated disks
Show autorythmicity
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5
Q

What does the fascia do?

A

It surrounds bundles of muscles with a similar function

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6
Q

What is the epimycium?

A

It is a membranous layer surrounding a muscle

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7
Q

What is the perimycium?

A

It is a sheath surrounding bundles of 10 - 100 myofibrils.

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8
Q

What is the attachment onto the bone which does not move (usually proximal) called?

A

The Origin

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9
Q

What is the attachment onto the bone which moves most (usually distal) called?

A

The Insertion

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10
Q

What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscle ?

A

The skeletal muscles are formed from the part of the mesenchyme which formed the somites.

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11
Q

What does the Occipitalis Muscle do?

A

Draws the scalp back.

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12
Q

What does the Frontalis muscle do?

A

Draws the scalp forward, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead.

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13
Q

What does the Obicularis Occuli muscle do?

A

Closes the eyes.

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14
Q

What does the Levator Palpebrae muscle do?

A

Opens the eyes.

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15
Q

What does the Levator Labii muscle do?

A

Raises the upper lip.

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16
Q

What does the Orbicularis Oris muscle do?

A

Closes and protrudes lips, speech.

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17
Q

What does the Depressor Labii muscle do?

A

Depresses the lower lip.

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18
Q

What does the Temporalis muscle do?

A

Elevates and protracts mandible, moves side to side.

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19
Q

What does the Masseter muscle do?

A

Elevates and protrudes mandible, moves side to side.

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20
Q

What does the Lateral Pterygoid muscle do?

A

Protracts mandible.

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21
Q

What does the Medial Pterygoid muscle do?

A

Elevates and protracts mandible.

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22
Q

What does the Sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

A

Rotates and flexes head.

23
Q

What do the external Intercostal muscles do?

A

Elevates the ribs during forced inspiration.

24
Q

What do the Internal Intercostal muscles do?

A

Contracts ribs during forced expiration.

25
Q

What does the Rectus Abdominus muscle do?

A

Compresses abdomen.

26
Q

What do the External and Internal Oblique muscles do?

A

Lateral flexion and rotation, and compression of the abdomen.

27
Q

What does the Levator Scapulae muscle do?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates inferiorly.

28
Q

What does the Trapezius muscle do?

A

Elevates clavicle and elevates, depresses and rotates scapula.

29
Q

What does the subclavius muscle do?

A

Depresses clavicle.

30
Q

What does the Pectoralis Minor muscle do?

A

Depresses and moves scapula anteriorly.

31
Q

What does the Serratus Anterior muscle do?

A

Rotates scapula superiorly and laterally.

32
Q

What does the Levator Scapulae muscle do?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates inferiorly.

33
Q

What does the trapezius muscle do?

A

Elevates clavicle and elevates, depresses and rotates scapula.

34
Q

What does the Subclavius muscle do?

A

Depresses clavicle.

35
Q

What does the Serratus Anterior muscle do?

A

Rotates scapula superiorly and laterally.

36
Q

What does the Pectoralis Major muscle do?

A

Flexes, adducts and rotates arms medially.

37
Q

What does the Deltoid muscle do?

A

Extends, abducts, flexes and rotates arms.

38
Q

What does the Supraspinatus muscle do?

A

Abducts arm

39
Q

What does the Infraspinatus muscle do?

A

Adducts arm.

40
Q

What does the Subscapularis muscle do?

A

Rotates arm medially.

41
Q

What does the Latissimus Dorsi muscle do?

A

Extends, adducts and rotates arm medially.

42
Q

What does the Biceps Brachii muscle do?

A

Flexes shoulder and elbow, and supinates hand.

43
Q

What does the Brachialis muscle do?

A

Flexion of the elbow

44
Q

Name the extensors of the forearm, and state what the do?

A

Triceps Brachii extends the elbow and shoulder joints.

Anconeus assists the Triceps Brachii in extending the elbow.

45
Q

Name the muscles that pronate and flex the arm.

A

Flexor Carpi muscles (Radialis and Ulnaris)
Flexor Digitorum muscles (profundus and superficialis)
Flexor Pollicis.

46
Q

Name the muscles that extend and supinate the arm and hand.

A 
Supinator (supinates hand)
Extensors of the wrist and fingers :
Extensor carpi
Extensor Pollicis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indices.
47
Q

What is the Retinaculum.

A

A band of tough connective tissue the hold tendons in place.

48
Q

What does the Gluteus Maximus muscle do?

A

Extends hip

49
Q

What do the Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus muscles do?

A

Abduct hip

50
Q

Name the hamstring muscles.

A

Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, and Biceps Femoris.

51
Q

What do the hamstring muscles do?

A

Extend hip and flex knee.

52
Q

Name the 4 heads of the Quadriceps Femoris muscle and what do they do?

A

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus Medialis.

They all extend the knee.

53
Q

What 3 muscles insert into the calcaneus, and what do these muscles do?

A

Plantaris, Soleus and Gastrocnemius.

Plantarius and Soleus flex the ankle, and the Gastrocnemius flexes the ankle and knee.

54
Q

Name the extensors of the ankle and toes.

A

Tibialis Anterior,
Extensor Digitorum longus,
Extensor Hallucis longus.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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