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1
Q

What is the origin of cutaneus trunci?

A

Subcutaneous fascia

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2
Q

What is the insertion of cutaneus trunci?

A

The skin of the trunk

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3
Q

What is the function of cutaneus trunci?

A

Twitch the skin

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4
Q

What is cutaneus trunci also known as?

A

Panniculus

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5
Q

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of trunk vertebrae (T7-L7), caudal 2-3 ribs

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6
Q

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A

Teres tuberosity (medial) humerus

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7
Q

What is the function of latissimus dorsi?

A

Retract forelimb

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8
Q

What makes up brachiocephalicus?

A

Clavicular tendon
Cleidobrachialis
Cleidocervicalis
Cleidomastoideus

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9
Q

What is the function of brachiocephalicus?

A

Protract forelimb

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10
Q

What is the origin of cleidobrachialis?

A

Clavicular tendon

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11
Q

What is the insertion of cleidobrachialis?

A

Cranially on distal 1/3 of humeral shaft

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12
Q

What is the origin of cleidocervicalis?

A

Cranial half of median raphe of neck

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13
Q

What is the insertion of cleidocervicalis?

A

Clavicular tendon

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14
Q

What is the origin of cleidomastoideus?

A

Mastoid surface of exoccipital bone of skull

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15
Q

What is the insertion of cleidomastoideus?

A

Clavicular tendon

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16
Q

What is the insertion of omotransversarius?

A

Wing of atlas

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17
Q

What is the origin of omotransversarius?

A

Distal 1/5 of scapula spine

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18
Q

What is the function of omotransversarius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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19
Q

What is the origin of cervical trapezius?

A

Caudal half of dorsal median raphe of neck

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20
Q

What is the insertion of cervical trapezius?

A

Proximal 4/5 of scapular spine

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21
Q

What is the function of cervical trapezius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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22
Q

What is the origin of thoracic trapezius?

A

Dorsal median raphe of thorax (T3-T10)

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23
Q

What is the insertion of thoracic trapezius?

A

Proximal 1/3 of scapular spine

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24
Q

What is the function of thoracic trapezius?

A

Caudal rotator of scapula

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25
What is the origin of cervical rhomboid?
Dorsal median raphe of neck C2-T3 and nuchal crest
26
What is the insertion of cervical rhomboid?
Cranial angle and vertebral border of scapula
27
What is the function of cervical rhomboid?
Elevate scapula
28
What is the origin of thoracic rhomboid?
Dorsal median raphe of thorax T4-T7
29
What is the insertion of thoracic rhomboid?
Caudal angle and vertebral border of scapula
30
What is the function of thoracic rhomboid?
Elevate scapula
31
What is the origin of cervical serratus ventralis?
Neck vertebrae (C3-7) costo-transverse processes
32
What is the insertion of cervical serratus ventralis?
Cranial serrated area of scapula
33
What is the function of cervical serratus ventralis?
Cranial rotator of scapula
34
What is the origin of thoracic serratus ventralis?
Individual slips from ribs 1-8
35
What is the insertion of thoracic serratus ventralis?
Caudal serrated area of scapula
36
What is the function of thoracic serratus ventralis?
Depressor of forelimb
37
What is the origin of deep pectoral?
Sternum, more caudally onto ventral midline raphe of abdomen
38
What is the insertion of deep pectoral?
Lesser tuberosity, with tendinous slips to greater tuberosity
39
What is the function of deep pectoral?
Adduct forelimb
40
What is the origin of superficial pectoral?
Sternebrae 1-3
41
What is the insertion of superficial pectoral?
Cranially on distal 2/3 humeral shaft
42
What is the function of superficial pectoral?
Adduct forelimb
43
What two muscles make up the deltoidei?
Spinodeltoideus Acromiodeltoideus
44
What is the origin of spinodeltoideus?
Scapula spine
45
What is the origin of acromiodeltoideus?
Acromion
46
What is the insertion of spinodeltoideus?
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus
47
What is the insertion of acromiodeltoideus?
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus
48
What is the function of spinodeltoideus?
Shoulder flexor
49
What is the function of acromiodeltoideus?
Shoulder flexor
50
What is the origin of teres major?
Caudal border of scapula
51
What is the insertion of teres major?
Summit of greater tuberosity
52
What is the function of teres major?
Shoulder flexor
53
What is the origin of supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa
54
What is the insertion of supraspinatus?
Summit of greater tuberosity
55
What is the function of supraspinatus?
Shoulder extensor
56
What is the origin of infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa
57
What is the insertion of infraspinatus?
Laterally on greater tuberosity
58
What is the function of infraspinatus?
Ligamentar shoulder muscle
59
What is the origin of subscapularis?
Subscapular fossa
60
What is the insertion of subscapularis?
Lesser tuberosity
61
What is the function of subscapularis?
Ligamentar shoulder muscle
62
What is the origin of tensor fasciae antebrachii?
Lateral side of latissimus dorsi, near its insertion
63
What is the insertion of tensor fascia antebrachii?
Antebrachial fascia and olecranon
64
What is the function of tensor fasciae antebrachii?
Tense fascia of forelimb
65
What is the origin of the lateral head of triceps?
Deltoid crest of humerus
66
What is the origin of the medial head of triceps?
Lesser tuberosity of humerus
67
What is the origin of the accessory head of triceps?
Neck of humerus
68
What is the origin of the long head of triceps?
Caudal border of scapula
69
What is the insertion of the lateral head of triceps?
Olecranon process of ulna
70
What is the insertion of the accessory head of triceps?
Olecranon process of ulna
71
What is the insertion of the medial head of triceps?
Olecranon process of ulna
72
What is the insertion of the long head of triceps?
Olecranon process of ulna
73
What is the function of the lateral head of triceps?
Elbow extensor
74
What is the function of the accessory head of triceps?
Elbow extensor
75
What is the function of the medial head of triceps?
Elbow extensor
76
What is the function of the long head of triceps?
Elbow extensor
77
What is the origin of biceps?
Bicipital process of scapula
78
What is the insertion of biceps?
Dog- ulnar tuberosity of ulna Cat- radius
79
What is the function of biceps?
Elbow flexor
80
What is the origin of brachialis?
Proximally in musculospiral groove
81
What is the insertion of brachialis?
Ulnar tuberosity of ulna
82
What is the function of brachialis?
Elbow flexor
83
What is the origin of extensor carpi radialis?
Lateral supraepicondylar ridge
84
What is the insertion of extensor carpi radialis?
Tubercles proximally on MC II and MC III
85
What is the function of extensor carpi radialis?
Carpus extensor
86
What is the origin of common digital extensor?
Lateral epicondyle
87
What is the insertion of common digital extensor?
Extensor process of distal phalanx of digits II-V
88
What is the function of common digital extensor?
Digit extensor
89
What is the origin of lateral digital extensor?
Lateral epicondyle and collateral ligament
90
What is the insertion of lateral digital extensor?
Proximally on all phalanges of digits III-V
91
What is the function of lateral digital extensor?
Digit extensor
92
What is the origin of ulnaris lateralis?
Lateral epicondyle
93
What is the insertion of ulnaris lateralis?
Laterally, proximally on MC V
94
What is the function of ulnaris lateralis?
Not true carpus extensor, carpus flexor in ungulates
95
What is the origin of extensor carpi obliquus?
Craniolateral on middle 1/2 of ulna
96
What is the insertion of extensor carpi obliquus?
Proximal MC I
97
What is the function of extensor carpi obliquus?
Carpus extensor
98
What is the origin of extensor of digits I and II?
Craniolateral on middle 1/3 of ulna
99
What is the insertion of extensor of digits I and II?
Distal MC I, proximally on all phalanges of digit II
100
What is the function of extensor of digits I and II?
Prevent digit I being abducted
101
What is the origin of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Medial epicondyle, medially on olecranon of ulnar
102
What is the insertion of flexi carpi ulnaris?
Proximal on palmar aspect of MC IV, V via accessory carpal bone
103
What is the function of flexi carpi ulnaris?
Carpus flexor
104
What is the origin of superficial digital flexor?
Medial epicondyle
105
What is the insertion of superficial digital flexor?
Proximal on two palmar tubercles of phalanx 2 of digits II-V
106
What is the function of superficial digital flexor?
Digit flexor
107
What is the origin of deep digital flexor?
Medial humeral epicondyle, proximal 3/4 of caudal border of ulna, middle 1/3 of medial border of radius
108
What is the insertion of deep digital flexor?
Proximal on palmar aspect of distal phalanx of all digits
109
What is the function of deep digital flexor?
Digit flexor
110
What is the origin of flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle, medial radial shaft
111
What is the insertion of flexor carpi radialis?
Proximal on palmar aspect of MC II, III
112
What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?
Carpus flexor
113
What is the origin of pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle
114
What is the insertion of pronator teres?
Proximally on radius
115
What is the function of pronator teres?
Cats + puppies: pronate antebrachium Dogs: minor elbow flexor
116
What is the origin of supinator?
Lateral epicondyle
117
What is the insertion of supinator?
Proximally on radius
118
What is the function of supinator?
Cats + puppies: supinate antebrachium Dogs: minor elbow flexor
119
What is the origin of pronator quadratus?
Interosseous edge of radius
120
What is the insertion of pronator quadratus?
Interosseous edge of ulna
121
What is the origin of interosseous?
Proximal end of palmar surface of MCII-V
122
What are the insertions of interosseous?
Paired tubercles on proximal end of palmar surface of phalanx 1 of digits II-V Via tendinous slips that pass around digits to extensor tendons of the same digits
123
What is the function of interosseous?
Flex MCPj
124
What is the origin of teres minor?
Distally on caudal border of scapula
125
What is the insertion of teres minor?
Greater tuberosity
126
What is the function of teres minor?
Capsular shoulder muscle
127
What is the origin of coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula
128
What is the insertion of coracobrachialis?
A line between lesser and teres tuberosities
129
What is the function of coracobrachialis?
Capsular shoulder muscle
130
What is the origin of anconeus?
Caudally on lateral supra-epicondylar ridge
131
What is the insertion of anconeus?
Laterally on olecranon
132
What is the function of anconeus?
Capsular elbow muscle
133
What is the origin of tensor fascia latae?
Ventral iliac spine and nearby gluteal fascia
134
What is the insertion of tensor fascia latae?
Fascia lata
135
What is the function of tensor fascia latae?
Tense the fascia
136
What is the origin of superficial gluteal?
Lateral sacrum, Cd1, cranial half of sacrosciatic ligament
137
What is the insertion of superficial gluteal?
Greater trochanter (in horses it inserts on the 3rd trochanter)
138
What is the function of superficial gluteal?
Hip Abduction + Hip Extension In horses it acts as a hip flexor
139
What is the origin of middle gluteal?
Wing of ilium
140
What is the insertion of middle gluteal?
Greater trochanter
141
What is the function of middle gluteal?
Hip abductor + hip extensor
142
What is the origin of piriformis?
With superficial gluteal (lateral sacrum, Cd1, cranial half of sacrosciatic ligament)
143
What is the insertion of piriformis?
With middle gluteal (greater trochanter)
144
What is the function of piriformis?
Hip abductor + hip extensor
145
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
Caudal half of sacrosciatic ligament and sciatic tuberosity
146
What are the insertions of biceps femoris?
Cranial region- laterally on distal femur via fascia lata Caudal region- laterally on tibial crest Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis
147
What are the functions of biceps femoris?
Cranial region- hip extensor Caudal region- stifle flexor
148
Where does tenuissimus insert?
Laterally on tibial crest with biceps femoris
149
What is the function of tenuissimus?
Hip extensor
150
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
Sciatic tuberosity and caudal part of ventral ischium
151
What are the insertions of semimembranosus?
Medial part- distal medial rough line of femur Lateral part- medial tibial condyle
152
What are the functions of semimembranosus?
Medial part- hip extensor Lateral part- stifle flexor
153
What is the origin of quadratus femoris?
Caudal part of ventral ischium
154
What is the insertion of quadratus femoris?
Intertrochanteric ridge
155
What is the function of quadratus femoris?
Hip extensor
156
What is the origin of deep gluteal?
Neck of Ilium
157
What is the insertion of deep gluteal?
Cranially on greater trochanter
158
What is the function of deep gluteal?
Hip inward rotator
159
What is the origin of internal obturator?
Medial rim of obturator foramen
160
What is the insertion of internal obturator?
Over sciatic spine to intertrochanteric fossa
161
What is the function of internal obturator?
Hip outward rotator
162
What is the origin of gemelli?
Ventral to sciatic spine
163
What is the insertion of gemelli?
Intertrochanteric fossa
164
What is the function of gemelli?
Hip outward rotator
165
What is the origin of external obturator?
Medial rim of obturator foramen
166
What is the insertion of external obturator?
Ventral to pelvis to the intertrochanteric fossa
167
What is the function of external obturator?
Hip outward rotator
168
What is the origin of adductor?
Ventral surface of pubis, medial half of ventral surface of ischium
169
What is the insertion of adductor?
Lateral rough line of femur
170
What is the function of adductor?
Hip adductor
171
What is the origin of pectineus?
Iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon
172
What is the insertion of pectineus?
Distal medial rough line of femur
173
What is the function of pectineus?
Hip adductor
174
What is the origin of cranial sartorius?
Iliac crest, cranial ventral iliac spine
175
What is the insertion of cranial sartorius?
Medially via fascia lata to distal femur and patella
176
What is the function of cranial sartorius?
Hip flexor
177
What two muscles make up ilio-psoas?
Iliacus Psoas major
178
What is the origin of iliacus?
Ventral neck of ilium
179
What is the origin of psoas major?
Transverse processes of last four lumbar vertebrae
180
What is the insertion of ilio-psoas?
Lesser trochanter
181
What is the insertion of iliacus?
Lesser trochanter
182
What is the insertion of psoas major?
Lesser trochanter
183
What is the function of ilio-psoas?
Hip flexor
184
What is the function of iliacus?
Hip flexor
185
What is the function of psoas major?
Hip flexor
186
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
Sciatic tuberosity
187
What are the insertions of semitendinosus?
Distally on medial tibial crest Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis
188
What is the function of semitendinosus?
Stifle flexor
189
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
190
What is the origin of gracilis?
Pelvic symphysis
191
What are the insertions of gracilis?
Middle of medial tibial crest Part of Achilles tendon to tuber calcis
192
What is the function of gracilis?
Stifle flexor
193
What is the origin of caudal sartorius?
Cranial ventral iliac spine
194
What is the insertion of caudal sartorius?
Proximally on medial tibial crest
195
What is the function of caudal sartorius?
Stifle flexor
196
What muscles make up quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
197
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
Rounded eminence craniodorsal to the acetabulum
198
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
Proximally on lateral rough line
199
What is the origin of vastus intermedius?
Proximally on cranial shaft of femur
200
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
Proximally on medial rough line
201
What is the insertion of quadriceps femoris?
Tibial tuberosity
202
What is the insertion of rectus femoris?
Tibial tuberosity
203
What is the insertion of vastus lateralis?
Tibial tuberosity
204
What is the insertion of vastus intermedius?
Tibial tuberosity
205
What is the insertion of vastus medialis?
Tibial tuberosity
206
What is the function of quadriceps femoris?
Stifle extensor
207
What is the function of rectus femoris?
Stifle extensor
208
What is the function of vastus lateralis?
Stifle extensor
209
What is the function of vastus intermedius?
Stifle extensor
210
What is the function of vastus medialis?
Stifle extensor
211
What is the origin of popliteus?
Fossa on lateral condyle of femur
212
What is the insertion of popliteus?
Medial side of caudal aspect of tibia
213
What is the function of popliteus?
Stifle inward rotator
214
What is the origin of gastrocnemius?
Medial and lateral popliteal surface of femur
215
What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?
Tuber calcis
216
What is the function of gastrocnemius?
Hock extensor
217
What is the origin of superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Popliteal surface of femur, deep to the lateral head of gastrocnemius
218
What is the insertion of superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Proximal plantar surface of P2 of all digits
219
What are the origins of deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Medial popliteal surface of tibia Lateral popliteal surface of tibia
220
What is the insertion of deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Proximal plantar surface of P3 of all digits
221
What is the origin of caudal tibial?
Proximal fibula and adjacent caudal tibia
222
What is the insertion of caudal tibial?
Capsule of hock, especially medially
223
What is the function of caudal tibial?
Capsular hock muscle
224
What is the origin of cranial tibial?
Lateral side of tibial crest, muscular groove
225
What is the insertion of cranial tibial?
Proximomedially on MT II
226
What is the function of cranial tibial?
Hock flexor
227
What is the origin of long digital extensor?
Fossa on lateral condyle of femur
228
What is the insertion of long digital extensor?
Extensor tubercles on P3 of all digits
229
What is the function of long digital extensor?
Digit extensor
230
What is the origin of fibularis longus?
Proximal fibula and lateral tibial condyle
231
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
Plantar aspect of proximal ends of MT II-IV via larger lateral groove in lateral malleolus
232
What is the function of fibularis longus?
Hock flexor
233
What is the origin of lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?
Proximal 1/3 of fibula
234
What is the insertion of lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?
Long digital extensor tendon at P1 in digit V via smaller caudal groove of lateral malleolus
235
What is the origin of fibularis brevis?
Fleshy belly applied to middle 1/3 of fibula
236
What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?
Dorsoproximally on MT V via smaller caudal groove in lateral malleolus
237
What is the origin of short digital extensor?
Dorsal aspect of fibular tarsal
238
What is the insertion of short digital extensor?
Long digital extensor tendon at P1 in digits II-IV
239
What is the function of short digital extensor?
Digit extensor
240
What is the origin of capsularis coxae?
On same protuberance as rectus femoris
241
What is the insertion of capsularis coxae?
Neck of femur
242
What is the function of capsularis coxae?
Hip capsular muscle
243
What is the origin of popliteus?
Fossa on lateral condyle of femur
244
What is the insertion of popliteus?
Medial side of caudal aspect of tibia
245
What is the function of popliteus?
Stifle inward rotator
246
Where does the nuchal ligament insert in the dog?
C2 (Axis)
247
What are the two portions of the nuchal ligament in the ox and the horse?
Funicular Lamellar
248
What is the origin of external abdominal oblique?
Middle of last 7 ribs in a serrated line via superficial lumbodorsal fascia to neural spines
249
What is the insertion of external abdominal oblique?
Linea alba
250
What direction are the muscle fibres of external abdominal oblique?
Dorsocranially to Ventrocaudally
251
What is the origin of internal abdominal oblique?
Superficial lumbodorsal fascia, tuber coxae and upper half of inguinal ligament
252
What is the insertion of internal abdominal oblique?
Costal arch, aponeurosis fuses with that of external abdominal oblique to pass superficial to rectus abdominis to linea alba
253
What direction are the muscle fibres of internal abdominal oblique?
Dorsocaudally to ventrocranially
254
What is the function of the cremaster muscle?
Elevate the testicles
255
What does the cremaster form from?
A small slip of internal abdominal oblique
256
What is the origin of rectus abdominis?
Broad flat tendon from rib 1 and adjacent sternum
257
What is the insertion of rectus abdominis?
Prepubic tendon
258
What direction are the muscle fibres of rectus abdominis?
Cranio-caudal
259
Which muscle is segmented and gives the '6-pack' appearance of the 'abs'?
Rectus abdominis
260
What is the origin of transverse abdominis?
Costal cartilages 8-11, ribs 12-13 medially, L1-L7 transverse processes via deep l-d fascia, tuber coxae
261
What is the insertion of transverse abdominis?
Aponeurosis to linea alba
262
What direction are the muscle fibres of transverse abdominis?
Dorsolaterally to ventromedially
263
What muscle forms the 'heave line' in horses with respiratory issues?
External abdominal oblique
264
What innervates subscapularis?
Subscapular nerve
265
What innervates supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
266
What innervates infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
267
What innervates cleidobrachialis?
Cleidobrachial nerve
268
What innervates superficial pectoral?
Cranial pectoral nerve
269
What innervates coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
270
What innervates biceps?
Musculocutaneous nerve
271
What innervates brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
272
What innervates the elbow flexors?
Musculocutaneous nerve
273
What innervates teres minor?
Axillary nerve
274
What innervates the shoulder flexors?
Axillary nerve
275
What innervates teres major?
Axillary nerve
276
What innervates spinodeltoideus?
Axillary nerve
277
What innervates acromiodeltoideus?
Axillary nerve
278
What innervates latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve
279
What innervates triceps?
Radial nerve
280
What innervates deep pectoral?
Caudal pectoral nerve
281
What innervates serratus ventralis?
Long thoracic nerve from hypaxial ramus of C7
282
What innervates carpus extensors?
Radial nerve
283
What innervates digit extensors?
Radial nerve
284
What innervates extensor carpi radialis?
Radial nerve
285
What innervates common digital extensor?
Radial nerve
286
What innervates lateral digital extensor?
Radial nerve
287
What innervates ulnaris lateralis?
Radial nerve
288
What innervates extensor carpi obliquus?
Radial nerve
289
What innervates extensor of digits I and II?
Radial nerve
290
What innervates most carpus flexors?
Median nerve
291
What innervates most digit flexors?
Median nerve
292
What innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
293
What innervates deep digital flexor ulnar head?
Ulnar nerve
294
What innervates superficial digital flexor?
Median nerve
295
What innervates flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
296
What innervates deep digital flexor radial head?
Median nerve
297
Where does the axillary nerve extend to in the horse?
One joint further than the dog, reaching the carpus
298
Where does the musculocutaneous nerve extend to in the horse?
One joint further than the dog, reaching the fetlock
299
What artery supplies the forelimb flexors?
Ulnar
300
What two nerves make up the sciatic trunk?
Tibial Fibial
301
What innervates deep gluteal?
Cranial gluteal nerve
302
What innervates middle gluteal?
Cranial gluteal nerve
303
What innervates superficial gluteal?
Caudal gluteal nerve
304
What innervates internal obturator?
Sciatic (fibular)
305
What innervates gemelli?
Sciatic (fibular)
306
What innervates semimembranosus?
Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve
307
What innervates semitendinosus?
Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve
308
What innervates biceps femoris?
Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve
309
What innervates the hamstrings?
Hamstring branch of sciatic nerve
310
What innervates the hip flexors?
Femoral nerve
311
What innervates the stifle extensors?
Femoral nerve
312
What innervates ilio-psoas?
Femoral nerve
313
What innervates iliacus?
Femoral nerve
314
What innervates psoas major?
Femoral nerve
315
What innervates cranial sartorius?
Femoral nerve
316
What innervates quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve
317
What innervates rectus femoris?
Femoral nerve
318
What innervates vastus lateralis?
Femoral nerve
319
What innervates vastus intermedius?
Femoral nerve
320
What innervates vastus medialis?
Femoral nerve
321
What innervates adductor?
Obturator nerve
322
What innervates pectineus?
Obturator nerve
323
What innervates gracilis?
Obturator nerve
324
What innervates external obturator?
Obturator nerve
325
What nerve provides motor innervation to the cremaster muscle in males and sensory innervation to some of the medial thigh?
Genitofemoral nerve
326
What innervates gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
327
What innervates the hock extensors?
Tibial nerve
328
What innervates the digit flexors of the hindlimb?
Tibial nerve
329
What innervates superficial digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Tibial nerve
330
What innervates deep digital flexor in the hindlimb?
Tibial nerve
331
What innervates the hock flexors?
Fibular nerve
332
What innervates the digit extensors of the hindlimb?
Fibular nerve
333
What innervates cranial tibial?
Fibular nerve
334
What innervates long digital extensor?
Fibular nerve
335
What innervates fibularis longus?
Fibular nerve
336
What innervates lateral digital extensor in the hindlimb?
Fibular nerve
337
What innervates fibularis brevis?
Fibular nerve
338
What innervates short digital extensor?
Fibular nerve
339
What are the origins of the diaphragm?
Ventral- xiphisternum Lateral- on ribs 8-13 Dorsal- via crura to lumbar centra 3-4 (only L3 on left)
340
What is the insertion of the diaphragm?
Central tendon
341
What is the origin of serratus dorsalis cranialis?
Lumbodorsal fascia near dorsal midline of cranial thoracic region
342
What is the insertion of serratus dorsalis cranialis?
Dorsally on ribs 3-9
343
What is the function of serratus dorsalis cranialis?
Inspiratory muscle
344
What are the muscle fibres that run between ribs?
External intercostals Internals intercostals
345
What is the origin of rectus thoracis?
Laterally on rib 1
346
What is the insertion of rectus thoracis?
Aponeurosis to rectus abdominis over sternal portions of ribs 2-4
347
What is the origin of retractor costae?
Transverse processes L1-4
348
What is the insertion of retractor costae?
Last rib
349
What is the function of retractor costae?
Expiration/retract ribs
350
What is the origin of transversus thoracis?
Dorsally on sternum
351
What is the insertion of transversus thoracis?
Sternal portions of sternal ribs
352
What is the origin of serratus dorsalis caudalis?
Lumbodorsal fascia near dorsal midline of cranial lumbar region
353
What is the insertion of serratus dorsalis caudalis?
Dorsally on ribs 11-13
354
What is the origin psoas minor?
Centra of T11-L4
355
What is the insertion of psoas minor?
Ilium
356
What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?
With psoas major, plus rib 13 and lumbar transverse processes
357
What is the insertion of quadratus lumborum?
Lumbar vertebrae and ilium
358
What is the origin of coccygeus?
Sciatic spine
359
What is the insertion of coccygeus?
Transverse processes Cd2-4
360
What is the origin of levator ani?
Internal aspect of symphysis and ilium shaft
361
What is the insertion of levator ani?
blends with external anal sphincter before inserting on Cd7 haemal arch
362
What innervates coccygeus?
Pudendal nerve
363
What is the main spinal flexor?
Rectus abdominus
364
What innervates piriformis?
Cranial gluteal nerve

VAP (4 decks)

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