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Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Origins:
Clavicular head- anterior surface of the medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- anterior surface of the sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

Attachments:
Distal attachment of both heads is into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Innervation:
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Function:
Adducts upper limb
Medially rotates upper limb
Clavicular head acts individually to flex the upper limb

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2
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Origin:
3rd-5th ribs

Insertion:
Coracoid process of scapula

Function:
Stabilises scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall

Innervation:
Medial pectoral nerve

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3
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin:
Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

Attachment:
Costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

Function:
Rotates the scapula
Abduction above 90 degrees
Holds scapula against the rib cage

Innervation:
Long thoracic nerve

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4
Q

Subclavius

A

Origin:
Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Insertion:
Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle

Function:
Anchors and depresses clavicle
Provides some protection of neurovascular structures beneath it

Innervation:
Nerve to subclavius

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

A

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius

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6
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
Scapula
Clavicle

Attachment:
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus

Innervation:
Axillary nerve

Actions:
Anterior fibres flex the arm at the shoulder
Posterior fibres extend the arm at the shoulder
Middle fibres are the major abductor of the arm, 15-90 degrees

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7
Q

Teres major

A

Origin:
Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Attachment:
Intertubercular groove of humerus

Innervation:
Lower subscapular nerve

Actions:
Adducts at the shoulder
Medially rotates shoulder

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8
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin:
Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:
Suprascapular nerve

Actions:
Abducts the arm 0-15 degrees
Assists deltoid for 15-90 degrees

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9
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:
Suprascapular nerve

Actions:
Laterally rotates arm

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10
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin:
Subscapular fossa on costal surface of scapula

Attachment:
Lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation:
Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Actions:
Medially rotates arm

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11
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin:
Posterior surface of scapula adjacent to its lateral border

Attachment:
Greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation:
Axillary nerve

Actions:
Laterally rotates the arm

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12
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A 
Deltoid
Teres major
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis
Teres minor
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13
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

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14
Q

Trapezius

A

Origins:
Skull, nuchal ligament (ligament on neck) and spinous processes of C7-C112

Attachments:
Clavicle
Acromion
Scapula spine

Innervation:
Motor innervation- accessory nerve
Sensory innervation- C3 and C4 spinal nerves

Actions:
Upper fibres elevate the scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm
Middle fibres retract the scapula
Lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly

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15
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A 
Origins:
Spinous processes of T6-T12
Iliac crest 
Thoracolumbar fascia
Inferior three ribs

Attachment:
Fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Innervation:
Thoracodorsal nerve

Actions:
Extension of upper limb
Adduction of upper limb
Medial rotation of upper limb

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16
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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17
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin:
Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Attachment:
Medial border of the scapula

Innervation:
Dorsal scapular nerve

Actions:
Elevates the scapula

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18
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin:
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

Attachment:
Medial border of scapula between scapula spine and inferior angle

Innervation:
Dorsal scapula nerve

Actions:
Retracts and rotates the scapula

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19
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin:
Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

Attachment:
Medial border of the scapula at the level of the spine of scapula

Innervation:
Dorsal scapula nerve

Actions:
Retracts and rotates the scapula

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20
Q

What are the deep extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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21
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin:
Long head originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head originates from coracoid process of scapula

Insertions:
Both heads insert dismally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Origin:
Coracoid process of the scapula

Attachment:
Medial side of the humeral shaft at the level of the deltoid tuberosity

Function:
Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, weak adduction

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin:
Medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft

Insertion:
Ulna tuberosity distal to the elbow joint

Function:
Flexion at the elbow

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous nerve with contributions from the radial nerve

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24
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin:
Long head originates from the infra glenoid tubercle
Lateral head originates from the humerus superior to the radial groove
Medial head originates from the humerus inferior to the radial groove

Attachment:
Heads converge onto one tendon and insert at the olecranon of the ulna

Function:
Extension of the arm at the elbow

Innervation:
Radial nerve

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25
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Biceps brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis
26
What is the muscle in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii
27
Pronator teres
Origins: Medial epicondyle Coronoid process of ulna Attachment: Mid-shaft of radius Action: Pronation of the forearm Innervation: Median nerve
28
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle Attachment: Base of metacarpals II and III Actions: Flexion Abduction at the wrist Innervation: Median nerve
29
Palmaris longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle Attachment: Flexor retinaculum of the wrist Actions: Flexion at the wrist Innervation: Median nerve
30
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Medial epicondyle Ulna Attachment: Pisiform carpal bone Actions: Flexion Adduction at the wrist Innervation: Ulnar nerve
31
What are the superficial muscles of the forearm, lateral to medial?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
32
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origins: Medial epicondyle of humerus Radius Attachments: Muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist which travel through the carpal tunnel and attach to the middle phalanges of the four fingers Actions: Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the four fingers Flexes the wrist Innervation: Median nerve
33
What is the intermediate muscle in the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
34
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Ulna Interosseous membrane Attachments: Splits into four tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of the four fingers Actions: Only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints Flexes wrist ``` Innervation: Medial half (acts on little and ring fingers) - ulnar nerve Lateral half (acts on middle and index fingers) - median nerve ```
35
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: Anterior surface of the radius Surrounding interosseous membrane Attachment: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Actions: Flexes at the interphalangeal joint Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb Innervation: Median nerve
36
Pronator quadratus
Origin: Anterior surface of ulna Attachment: Anterior surface of radius Actions: Pronator forearm Innervation: Median nerve
37
What are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
38
Brachioradialis
Origin: Proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Attachment: Distal end of the radius just before the radial styloid process Actions: Flexes at the elbow Innervation: Radial nerve
39
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin: Supracondylar ridge Attachment: Metacarpal bones I and III Actions: Abducts the wrist Innervation: Radial nerve
40
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: Lateral epicondyle Attachments: Metacarpal bones I and III Actions: Extends wrist Abducts wrist Innervation: Radial nerve
41
Extensor digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle Attachment: Tendon splits into four and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger Actions: Extends medial three fingers at the metcarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints Innervation: Radial nerve
42
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin: Lateral epicondyle Attachment: With the extensor digitorum tendon, attaches into the extensor hood of the little finger Actions: Extends the little finger Contributes to extension at the wrist Innervation: Radial nerve
43
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Attachment: Base of metacarpal V Actions: Extension of wrist Adduction of wrist Innervation: Radial nerve
44
Anconeus
Origin: Lateral epicondyle Attachment: Posterior and lateral part of the olecranon Actions: Extends elbow joint Stabilises elbow joint Abducts ulna during pronation of the forearm Innervation: Radial nerve
45
Supinator
Origins: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior surface of ulna Insertion: Posterior surface of radius Actions: Supinate forearm Innervation: Radial nerve
46
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: Interosseous membrane and adjacent posterior surfaces of radius and ulna Attachments: Lateral side of base of metacarpal I Actions: Abducts the thumb Innervation: Radial nerve
47
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: Posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane Insertions: Proximal phalanx of the thumb Actions: Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb Innervation: Radial nerve
48
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin: Posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane Insertions: Distal phalanx of the thumb Actions: Extends all joints of the thumb, carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal Innervation: Radial nerve
49
Extensor indicis proprius
Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane, distal to the extensor policies longus Insertion: Extensor hood of the index finger Actions: Extends the index finger Innervation: Radial nerve
50
What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm?
``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus ```
51
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis proprius ```
52
What muscles make up the thenar eminence?
Opponens Pollicis Abductor Pollicis Brevis Flexor Pollicis Brevis
53
Opponens Brevis
Origin: Tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum Insertion: Lateral margin of the metacarpal of the thumb Actions: Opposes the thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium Innervation: Median nerve
54
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum Insertion: Proximal phalanx of the thumb Actions: Abducts the thumb Innervation: Median nerve
55
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Tubercle of the trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum Insertion: Proximal phalanx of the thumb Action: Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb Innervation: Median nerve
56
What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis
57
Opponens digiti minimi
Origin: Hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum Insertion: Medial margin of metacarpal Actions: Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm producing opposition Innervation: Ulnar nerve
58
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin: Pisiform Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of little finger Actions: Abducts little finger Innervation: Ulnar nerve
59
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: Hook of hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of little finger Actions: Flexes the metacarpalophalangeal joint of the little finger Innervation: Ulnar nerve
60
Lumbricals
Origin: Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundity Insertion: Pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert into the extensor hood Actions: Flex at the metacarpalphalangeal joint Extend at the interphalangeal joints of each finger Innervation: Medial two lumbricals = ulnar nerve Lateral two fingers = median nerve
61
Dorsal interossei
Origin: Lateral and medial surfaces of the metacarpals Insertion: Extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger Action: Abducts the fingers at the MCP joint Innervation: Ulnar nerve
62
Palmar interossei
Origin: Medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal Insertion: Extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger Actions: Adducts the fingers at the MCP joint Innervation: Ulnar nerve
63
Palmaris brevis
Origin: Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum Attachment: Dermis of skin on medial margin of hand Actions: Wrinkles skin of hypothecate eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand improving grip Innervation: Ulnar nerve
64
Adductor pollicis
Origin: Metacarpal II Capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III Insertion: Proximal phalanx of the thumb Actions: Adduction of the thumb Innervation: Ulnar nerve
65
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
``` Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Lumbricals Interossei Palmaris brevis Adductor pollicis ```
66
Gluteus Maximus
Origin: Gluteal posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx Insertion: Slopes across the buttock at a 45degree angle and then inserts into the illiotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur Actions: Main extensor of the thigh Assists with lateral rotation Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
67
Gluteus medius
Origin: Gluteal surface on posterior ilium Insertion: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter Actions: Abducts lower limb Medially rotates lower limb During locomotion, secures pelvis, preventing pelvic drop of the opposite limb Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
68
Gluteus minimus
Origin: Posterior ilium Insertion: Anterior side of the greater trochanter Actions: Abduction of lower limb Medially rotates lower limb During locomotion, secures the pelvis preventing pelvic drop of opposite limb Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
69
Tensor fascia late
Origin: Anterior iliac crest and ASIS Insertion: Iliotibial tract on lateral condylar of the tibia Actions: Assists the gluteus medium and minimums in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb Supportive role in the gait cycle Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
70
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum Insertion: Travels inferno-laterally through the greater sciatic foramen to insert to the greater trochanter of the femur Actions: Lateral rotation of the lower limb Abduction of the lower limb Innervation: Nerve to piriformis
71
Superior gemellus
Origin: Ischial spine Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Actions: Lateral rotation of the lower limb Abduction of the lower limb Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus
72
Inferior gemelli
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur Actions: Lateral rotation Abduction Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
73
Obturator internus
Origin: Pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen Attachment: Greater trochanter of femur Actions: Lateral rotation of lower limb Abduction Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus
74
Quadratus femoris
Origin: Lateral side of ischial tuberosity Attachment: Quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest Actions: Lateral rotation Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
75
What are the superficial muscles of the gluteal region, superior to inferior?
Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Tensor fascia lata
76
What are the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region, superior to inferior?
``` Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Quadrator femoris ```
77
Iliopsoas
Psoas major + iliacus
78
Psoas major
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Actions: Flexes lower limb at hip joint Assists in lateral rotation at hip joint Innervation: Anterior rami of L1-L3
79
Iliacus
Origin: Iliac fossa of pelvis Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur Actions: Flexes lower limb at hip joint Assists in lateral rotation at hip joint Innervation: Femoral nerve
80
Vastus lateralis
Origin: Greater trochanter of femur Insertion: Lateral lip of linea aspera Actions: Extends knee joint Stabilises patella Innervation: Femoral nerve
81
Vastus intermedius
Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft Insertion: Patella via patella tendon Actions: Extends the knee joint Stabilises patella Innervation: Femoral nerve
82
Vastus medialis
Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera Actions: Extends knee joint Stabilises patella Innervation: Femoral nerve
83
Rectus femoris
Origin: Ilium superior to the acetabulum Insertion: Patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon Actions: Flexes leg at hip joint Extends knee joint Innervation: Femoral nerve
84
What are the quadriceps femoris muscles?
Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Rectus femoris- crosses hip joint and knee joint
85
Sartorius
Origin: Iliac spine Insertion: Superior, medial surface of the tibia Actions: Hip joint- flexor, abductor and lateral rotator Knee- flexor Innervation: Femoral nerve
86
Pectineus
Origin: Pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis Insertion: Pectineal line on posterior side of the femur inferior to the lesser trochanter Actions: Adduction of hip joint Flexion of hip joint Innervation: Femoral nerve. May receive a branch from obturator nerve
87
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
Flexors of the hip joint: Iliopsoas = psoas major + iliacus - also laterally rotates Sartorius- also abducts, laterally rotates + flexes at knee Pectineus- also adducts ``` Extensors of the knee: Quadriceps femoris: Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Rectus femoris ```
88
Which muscles of the anterior thigh contribute to movement of the knee joint?
Sartorius - flexes knee joint | Rectus femoris - extends knee joint
89
Adductor magnus
Origin: Adductor part- inferior rami of the pubis and the rami of ischium Hamstring part- ischial tuberosity of femur Insertion: Adductor part- Linea aspera of the femur Hamstring part- adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of femur Actions: Adductor part- Adduct/flexes the hip joint Hamstring part- extends hip joint Innervation: Adductor part- obturator nerve Hamstring part-tibial nerve
90
Adductor longus
Origin: Pubis Insertion: Linea aspera of the femur Actions: Adduction of hip joint Medial rotation of hip joint Innervation: Obturator nerve
91
Adductor brevis
Origin: Body of the pubis Inferior pubic rami Insertion: Linea aspera on posterior surface of the femur, proximal to adductor longus Actions: Adduction of the thigh Innervation: Obturator nerve
92
Obturator externus
Origin: Membrane of obturator foramen and adjacent bones Insertion: Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter Actions: Laterally rotates the hip Innervation: Obturator nerve
93
Gracilis
Origin: Inferior rami of the pubis Bod of the pubis Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia between tendons of the sartorius and semitendinosus Actions: Adduction of the thigh at the hip Flexion of the leg at the knee Innervation: Obturator nerve
94
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
``` Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor breaks Obturator externus Gracilis ```
95
Biceps femoris
Origin: Long head- ischial tuberosity Short head- Linda appear on posterior surface of femur Insertion: Head of fibula Actions: Flexion at knee Extension at hip Lateral rotation at hip and knee Innervation: Long head- tibial part of sciatic nerve Short head- common fibula part of sciatic nerve
96
Semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of tibia Actions: Flexion of knee Extension of hip Medial rotation of hip and knee Innervation: Tibial part of the sciatic nerve
97
Semimembranosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial tibial condyle Actions: Flexion at knee joint Extension of hip Medial rotation of hip and leg Innervation: Tibial part of sciatic nerve
98
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, lateral to medial?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
99
What movements to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh all contribute to with the assistance of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus- a muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh? What are they innervated by?
Flexion at knee Extension at hip Sciatic nerve
100
Tibialis anterior
Origin: Lateral surface of tibia Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I Actions: Dorsiflexion of ankle Inversion of ankle Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
101
Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia Medial surface of fibula Insertion: Toes 2-5 Actions: Extension of lateral four toes Dorsiflexion of the foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
102
Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: Medial surface of the fibular shaft Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of the great toe Action: Extension of great toe Dorsiflexion of foot Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
103
Fibularis tertius
Origin: Medial surface of the fibula Insertion: Metatarsal V Actions: Eversion of ankle Dorsiflexion of ankle Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
104
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius
105
Fibularis longus
Origin: Superior and lateral surface of fibula Lateral tibial condyle Insertion: Cuneiform and base of metatarsal I Actions: Eversion of ankle Plantarflexion of ankle Supports lateral and transverse arches of the foot Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve
106
Fibularis brevis
Origin: Inferolateral surface of fibula shaft Insertion: Tubercle on metatarsal V Actions: Eversion of the foot Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve
107
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
108
Gastrocnemius
Origin: Lateral head- lateral femoral condyle Medial head- medial femoral condyle Insertion: Combines with soles to form calcaneal tendon which inserts onto the calcaneus Actions: Plantarflexion of ankle Flexor of knee Innervation: Tibial nerve
109
Plantaris
Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur Insertion: Tendon blends with calcaneal tendon which inserts at calcaneus Actions: Plantarflexion of the ankle Flexor of knee Innervation: Tibial nerve
110
Soleus
Origin: Soleal line of tibia Proximal fibula area Insertion: Calcaneal tendon which inserts to the calcaneus Actions: Plantarflexion of the ankle Innervation: Tibial nerve
111
Popliteus
Origin: Posterior surface of the proximal tibia Insertion: Lateral condolences of the femur and lateral meniscus of knee joint Actions: Laterally rotates the knee joint Unlocks the knee joint so flexion can occur Innervation: Tibial nerve
112
Tibialis posterior
Origin: Interosseous membrane between tibia and fibula and posterior surfaces of these bones Insertion: Plantar surfaces of medial tarsal bones Actions: Inverts ankle Plantarflexes the ankle Maintains medial arch of foot Innervation: Tibial nerve
113
Flexor digitorum longus
Origin: Medial surface of tibia Insertion: Plantar surfaces of lateral four digits Actions: Flexes the lateral four toes Innervation: Tibial nerve
114
Flexor hallucis longus
Origin: Posterior surface of fibula Insertion: Plantar surface of phalanx of the great toe Actions: Flexes the great toe Innervation: Tibial nerve
115
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial: Gastrocnemius Plantaris ``` Deep: Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus ```

zESA2 (21 decks)

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