Muscles Exam 3 Flashcards
(257 cards)
1
Q
External oblique origin
A
lower ribs
2
Q
External oblique insertion
A
rectus sheath and the hip
3
Q
External oblique innervation
A
ventral nerves
4
Q
External oblique action
A
bilateral flex at the trunk
unilateral ab/adduct and rotate
5
Q
when External oblique inserts on the ribs
A
respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale
6
Q
internal oblique origin
A
vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
7
Q
internal oblique insertion
A
lower ribs, rectus sheath
8
Q
internal oblique innervation
A
ventral rami
9
Q
internal oblique action
A
bilateral flex at the trunk
unilateral ab/adduct rotate
respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale
10
Q
transverses abdominus origin
A
lower ribs, vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
11
Q
transverses abdominus insertion
A
rectus sheath
12
Q
transverses abdominus innervation
A
ventral rami
13
Q
transverses abdominus action
A
unilateral ab/adduct; rotate
respiration: compress abdomen to exhale
14
Q
rectus abdominus origin
A
pubic symphysis
15
Q
rectus abdominus insertion
A
lower ribs; xiphoid
16
Q
rectus abdominus innervation
A
ventral rami
17
Q
rectus abdominus action
A
bilateral flexion at the trunk
respiration - pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale
18
Q
Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) proximal attachment
A
ischial spine
19
Q
Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) distal attachment
A
inferior end of the sacrum and coccyx
20
Q
Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) innervation
A
beaches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves
21
Q
Coccygeus (ishiococcygeus) action
A
forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera, flexes coccyx
22
Q
levator ani is composed of what 3 muscles
A
puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus
23
Q
levator ani proximal attachment
A
body of pubis
tendinous arch of obturator fascia
ischial spine
24
Q
levator ani distal attachment
A
coccyx
25
levator ani innervation
nerve to levator ani (branches of S4)
26
levator ani action
forms most of pelvic diaphragm
| - supports pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
27
puborectalis
forms puborectal sling between 2 pubic bones and rectum
- functions as the external anal sphincter
28
pubococcygeus
pubis to coccyx
29
iliococcygeus
tendinous arch (ileum and pubis) to coccyx
30
bulbospongiosus (male) proximal attachment
perineal body
31
bulbospongiosus (male) distal attachment
surrounds the bulb of penis, inserting in the perineal membrane
32
bulbospongiosus (female) proximal attachment
perineal body
33
bulbospongiosus (female)
enclosing the bulk of the vagina and greater vestibular gland inserting on the pubic arch
34
bulbospongiosus innervation
deep perineal nerve (S2-4)
35
bulbospongiosus action
responsible for ejaculation
- supports and fixes the perineal body/pelvic floor
- assits in erection
36
ischiocavernosus proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
37
ischiocavernosus distal attachment
encloses the crus of the penis and clitoris
38
ischiocavernosus innervation
deep perineal nerve (S2-4)
39
ischiocavernosus action
covers the erectile tissues
40
superficial transverse perineal proximal attachment
ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity
41
superficial transverse perineal distal attachment
perineal body
42
superficial transverse perineal innervation
Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)
43
superficial transverse perineal action
stabilizes perineal body
44
deep transverse perineal proximal attachment
Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
45
deep transverse perineal distal attachment
perineal body
46
deep transverse perineal innervation
Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)
47
deep transverse perineal action
Supports structures below the urogenital hiatus
48
external urethral sphincter (males) attachment
Surrounds urethra superior to the perineal membrane
| - ascends anterior aspect of the prostate
49
external urethral sphincter (females) attachment
Surrounds urethra superior to the perineal membrane
| - some fibers also enclose the vagina (urethrovaginal sphincter)
50
external urethral sphincter innervation
Dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris, Deep perineal nerve (S2-4)
51
external urethral sphincter action
continence
52
pectinous proximal attachment
superior pubis ramus
53
pectinous distal attachment
pectinate line of the femur
54
pectinous action
flex, adduct, internal rotation of the hip
55
pectinous innervation
DUAL INNERVATED
femoral and obturator n. L2,3
56
illiopsoas is made of what 2 muscles
iliacus and the psoas major
57
illiopsoas - psoas major proximal attachment
bodies and transverse processes of T12-L5
58
illiopsoas - illiacus proximal attachment
iliac crest
59
illiopsoas distal attachment
lesser trochanter
60
illopsoas action
flex at the hip
| acts on lumbar as a bilateral flexor, unilateral ab/adductor and rotator
61
illiopsoas innervation
psoas major: ventral rami L1,2,3
illiacus: femoral n. L2,3
62
psoas minor proximal attachment
T12-L1 vertebra
63
psoas minor distal attachment
pubic bone
64
psoas minor action
flexes the lumbar intervertebral joints and is a unilateral ab/adductor and rotator
does NOT cross the hip
65
psoas minor innervation
ventral rami L1,2
66
sartorius proximal attachment
ASIS
67
sartorius distal attachment
medial tibia
68
sartorius action
flexes, abducts, externally rotates at the hip
flexes at the knee
69
what are all of the quad muscles
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
70
rectus femoris proximal attachment
anterior inferior iliac spine
71
rectus femoris distal attachment
quadriceps tendon to patella
72
rectus femoris action
flex at the hip (primary)
| extend at the knee
73
rectus femoris innervation
femoral n. L2,3,4
74
vastus lateralis proximal attachment
greater trochanter
75
vastus lateralis distal attachment
quadriceps tendon to the patella
76
vastus lateralis action
knee extension
| stabilizes patella
77
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral n. L2,3,4
78
vastus medialis proximal attachment
intertrochanteric line
79
vastus medialis distal attachment
quadriceps tendon to patella
80
vastus medialis action
knee extension, stabilizes the patella
81
vastus medialis innervation
femoral n. L2,3,4
82
vastus intermedius proximal attachment
anterior femur
83
vastus intermedius distal attachment
quadriceps tedon to patella
84
vastus intermedius action
knee extension
| stabilizes the patella
85
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral n. L2,3,4
86
articularis genu attachments
femour to super patella bursa
87
articularis genu actions
as quads contract to extend lower leg, this muscle will pull super patellar bursa up
88
what are the anterior thigh muscles
1. pectineus
2. iliopsoas
3. psoas minor
4. sartorius
5. rectus femoris
6. vastus lateralis
7. vastus medialis
8. vastus intermedius
89
what are the medial thigh muscles
1. adductor longus
2. adductor brevis
3. adductor magnus
4. gracilis
5. obturator externus
90
adductor longus proximal attachment
body of pubic bone
91
adductor longus distal attachment
linea aspira
92
adductor longus action
at the hip.. adducts, flexes, internally rotates
93
adductor longus innervation
obturator n. L2,3,4
94
adductor brevis proximal attachment
inferior pubic body and ramus
95
adductor brevis distal attachment
linea aspira and pectinate line
96
adductor brevis action
adducts, flexes, and internally rotates at the hip
97
adductor brevis innervation
obturator n. L2,3,4
98
adductor magnus
| anterior proximal attachment
ischiopubic ramus
99
adductor magnus
| anterior distal attachment
adductor tubercle
100
adductor magnus
| anterior action
hip adductor, flexor, internal rotator
101
adductor magnus
| anterior innervation
obturator n. L2,3,4
102
adductor magnus
| posterior proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
103
adductor magnus
| posterior distal attachment
adductor tubercle of the femur
104
adductor magnus
| posterior innervation
tibial n L4
105
adductor magnus
| posterior action
hip extensor, adducts a little
106
gracilis proximal attachment
inferior pubic ramus
107
gracilis distal attachment
medial tibia
108
gracilis action
flexion and IR of knee
hip adduction
109
obturator externus proximal attachment
external surface of obturator membrane
110
obturator externus distal attachment
greater trochanter
| -passes posterior to neck of femur
111
obturator externus innervation
obturator n. L2,3,4
112
obturator externus action
hip ER
113
glute max proximal attachment
sacrum, PSIS, and coccyx
114
glute max distal attachment
deep - gluteal line of the femur
superficially - goes to form IT band and attach distally to Gerdy tubercle
115
glute max innervation
inferior gluteal n. L5, S1,2
116
glute max action
hip extension and ER
| abduction when acting with TFL
117
glute med proximal attachment
ala of illium
118
glute med distal attachment
greater trochanter
119
glute med action
anteriorly - flex and IR
midline - abducts, stabilizes hip at stance phase when you are unbalanced at hip
posteriorly - extend and ER
120
glute med innervation
superior gluteal n. L5 S1
121
glute min proximal attachment
ala of ilium
122
glute min distal attachment
greater trochanter
123
glute min action
anteriorly - flex and IR
midline - abducts
posteriorly - extend and ER
124
glute min innervation
superior gluteal n. L5,S1
125
tensor fascia lata (TFL) proximal attachment
ASIS, anterior iliac crest
126
tensor fascia lata (TFL) distal attachment
Gerdy's tubercle via the IT band
127
tensor fascia lata (TFL) innervation
superior gluteal n L5, S1
128
tensor fascia lata (TFL) action
hip flexion
when synergized with glut max it will abduct
129
what are the superficial gluteal muscles
1. glute max
2. glute med
3. glute min
4. TFL
130
what are the deep gluteal muscles
1. piriformis
2. obturator interns
3. superior and inferior gemelli
4. quadrates femoris
5. obturator externus
131
piriformis proximal attachment
sacrum
132
piriformis distal attachment
greater trochantor
133
piriformis innervation
ventral rami S1,2
134
piriformis action
hip ER, abduction
135
obturator internus proximal attachment
obturator foramen
136
obturator internus distal attachment
greater trochantor
137
obturator internus innervation
L5,S1 ventral rami
138
obturator internus action
hip ER, abduction
139
superior gemelli proximal attachment
ischial spine
140
inferior gemelli proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
141
superior and inferior gemelli innervation
L5, S1 ventral rami
142
superior and inferior gemelli distal attachment
tendons merge with obturator internus to attach to the greater trochantor
143
superior and inferior gemelli action
hip ER and abduction
144
quadrates femoris proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
145
quadrates femoris distal attachment
intertrochanteric crest
146
quadrates femoris action
hip ER
147
quadrates femoris innervation
nerve to quadrates femoris L5, S1
148
what are the hamstring muscles
1. semitendinosis
2. semimembranosis
3. biceps femoris
149
semitendinosis proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
150
semitendinosis distal attachment
pes anserine
151
semitendinosis innveration
tibial n. L5, S1,2
152
semitendinosis action
hip extension
knee flexion
IR of the foot
153
semimembranosis proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
154
semimembranosis distal attachment
medial condyle of the tibia
155
semimembranosis action
hip extension
knee flexion
IR of foot
156
biceps femoris - short head proximal attachment
linea aspira
157
biceps femoris - short head distal attachment
fibula
158
biceps femoris - long head proximal attachment
ischial tuberosity
159
biceps femoris - long head distal attachment
lateral condyle of the tibia and fibula
160
biceps femoris - long head innervation
tibial n. L5, S1,2
161
biceps femoris - short head innervation
fibular n. L5, S1,2
162
biceps femoris action
Hip extension
| knee flexion and ER
163
tibialis anterior - proximal attachment
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
164
tibialis anterior - distal attachment
base of first metatarsal
165
tibialis anterior - innervation
deep fibular n. L4,5
166
tibialis anterior - action
dorsiflex at ankle
| inversion at intertarsal joints
167
extensor digitorum longus - proximal attachment
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
168
extensor digitorum longus - distal attachment
extensor expansion digit 2-5
169
extensor digitorum longus - innervation
deep fibular n. L4,5
170
extensor digitorum longus - action
dorsiflex at ankle
| extension at digits 2-5
171
extensor hallucis longus - proximal attachment
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
172
extensor hallucis longus- distal attachment
big toe extensor expansion
173
extensor hallucis longus - innervation
deep fibular n. L2-5
174
extensor hallucis longus - action
dorsiflex at the ankle
inversion at the intertarsals
extends at digit 1
175
fibulas tertius - proximal attachment
fibula
176
fibulas tertius - distal attachment
base of 5th metatarsal
177
fibulas tertius - innervation
deep fibular n. L2-5
178
fibulas tertius action
dorsiflexes at the ankle
| everts at intertarsals
179
fibularis longus - proximal attachment
fibula
180
fibularis longus - distal attachment
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
181
fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular n. L5, S1,2
182
fibularis longus action
eversion at intertarsals
plantar flexion at ankle
maintains the transverse arch at intertarsals
183
fibularis brevis - proximal attachment
fibula
184
fibularis brevis - distal attachment
base of 5th metatarsal
185
fibularis brevis - innervation
superficial fibular n. L5, S1,2
186
fibularis brevis action
plantar flexion at ankle
| eversion at intertarsals
187
gastrocnemius - proximal attachment
medial and lateral condyles of the femur
188
gastrocnemius - distal attachment
calcaneus and calcaneal tendon
189
gastrocnemius - innervation
tibial n. S1,2
190
gastrocnemius action
flex at the knee (synergizes with the hamstrings)
| plantar flexion at the ankle
191
soleus - proximal attachment
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
192
soleus - distal attachment
calcaneous, calcaneal tendon
193
soleus innervation
tibial n. S1,2
194
soleus action
plantar flex at the ankle
195
popliteus - proximal attachment
lateral condyle of the femur
196
popliteus - distal attachment
tibia
| attaches to lateral meniscus
197
popliteus - innervation
tibial n. L4,5 S1
198
popliteus action
external rotation of femur (MAIN)
flexion at the knee
internal rotation of tibia
(counterrotation of femur and tibia to unlock the knee)
199
tibialis posterior - proximal attachment
tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
200
tibialis posterior - distal attachment
cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of middle metatarsals 2-4
201
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial n. L4,5
202
tibialis posterior action
plantarflex at the ankle
invert at intertarsals
helps maintain transverse arch
203
flexor hallicis longus -proximal attachment
fibula, interosseous membrane
204
flexor hallicis longus - distal attachment
distal phalange of digit 1
205
flexor hallicis longus innervation
tibial n. S2,3
206
flexor hallicis longus action
plantar flex at ankle
flex digit 1 (toe off when you walk)
invert at intertarsals
207
flexor digitorum longus- proximal attachment
more tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
208
flexor digitorum longus- distal attachment
base of distal phalange of digit 2-5
209
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial n. S2,3
210
flexor digitorum longus action
plantar flex at ankle
flex at digits 2-5
inversts at intertarsals
211
abductor hallucis proximal attachment
calcaneous
212
abductor hallucis distal attachment
base of 1st proximal phalange
213
abductor hallucis innervation
tibial n. S2,3
214
abductor hallucis action
maintain the longitudinal arch, can abduct the big toe
215
what is the main action of the intrinsic foot muscles
maintain the arches of the foot
216
flexor digitorum brevis proximal attachment
calcaneous
217
flexor digitorum brevis distal attachment
middle phalange of 205
218
flexor digitorum brevis innervation
tibial n. S2,3
219
flexor digitorum brevis action
maintain longitudinal arch
220
abductor digiti minimi proximal attachment
calcaneous
221
abductor digiti minimi distal attachment
lateral base of 5th proximal phalange
222
abductor digiti minimi innervation
tibial n. S2,3
223
abductor digiti minimi action
maintain longitudinal arch, abducts digit 5
224
quadrates plantae proximal attachment
calcaneous
225
quadrates plantae distal attachment
tendon of flexor digitorum longus
226
quadrates plantae innervation
tibial n. S2,3
227
quadrates plantae action
pulls flexor digitorum lnogus tendon laterally for better force production
228
lumbricles proximal attachment
tendon of flexor digitorum longus
229
lumbricles distal attachment
extensor expansion of digits 2-3
230
lumbricles innervation
tibial n. S2,3
231
lumbricles action
flex at MCP joints
| - on dorsal of foot it will extend IP
232
flexor hallucis brevis proximal attachment
lateral cuneiform cuboid
233
flexor hallucis brevis distal attachment
base of proximal phalange
234
flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar n S2,3
235
flexor hallucis brevis action
flex at MTP joint of digit 1
236
adductor hallucis proximal attachment
transverse head: MTP capsule digits 2-5
oblique head: base of MTP 2-4
237
adductor hallucis distal attachment
base of 1st distal phalange
238
adductor hallucis innervation
lateral plantar n. S2,3
239
adductor hallucis action
maintain transverse arch
- adducts big toe
240
flexor digiti minimi brevis proximal attachment
base of 5th metatarsal
241
flexor digiti minimi brevis distal attachment
base of proximal phalange of digit 5
242
flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
lateral plantar n S2,3
243
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
flexes proximal phalange of digit 5
244
plantar interossi (PADS) proximal attachment
base of metatarsals 3-5
245
plantar interossi (PADS) distal attachment
base of 3-5 phalange
246
plantar interossi (PADS) innervation
tibial n. S2,3
247
plantar interossi (PADS) action
adducts 3,4,5
248
dorsal interossi (DABS) proximal attachment
sides of metatarsals 1-5
249
dorsal interossi (DABS) distal attachment
sides of digits 1-5
250
dorsal interossi (DABS) innervation
tibial n S2,3
251
dorsal interossi (DABS) action
abduct AND adducts digit 2
abducts digits 3,4
252
extensor digitorum brevis proximal attachment
calcaneous
253
extensor digitorum brevis distal attachment
extensor expansion of digits 2-5
254
extensor digitorum brevis innervation
deep fibular n L5, S1
255
extensor digitorum brevis action
extends digits 2-4
256
extensor hallucis brevis proximal attachment
calcaneous
257
extensor hallucis brevis distal attachment
proximal phalange of digit 1
