Muscles - Lecture

Question 1

Two classes of facial muscles

Answer 1

Facial expression - suck, smile, frown, pucker…

Mastication - (chew) elevate, depress, protrude, retract, grind

Question 2

Broad, flat tendon (generic name)

Answer 2

Aponeurosis

Question 3

Tendon that connects frontalis and occipitalis

Answer 3

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 4

Four ways to classify skeletal muscles

Answer 4

Location
Action
Innervation
Direction of fibers/number of heads

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

The immovable attachment point of a muscle, usually the more proximal attachment

Question 6

Insertion

Answer 6

The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually the more distal attachment

Question 7

Antagonists

Answer 7

Muscles that produce opposite movements (e.g. biceps and triceps do flexion and extension)

Question 8

Synergists

Answer 8

Muscles that produce similar movements (e.g. biceps and brachialis both do flexion)

Question 9

Facial muscles origin and insertion

Answer 9

Origin is usually bone while the insertion is usually skin

Question 10

Pterygoids origin and insertion

Answer 10

Both attach to mandible at condyloid process and down on medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Attach to pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

Question 11

Tongue muscle (“-glossus”) attachments

Answer 11

hyoid bone
styloid process of temporal bone
mandible

Question 12

Muscles of the neck

Answer 12

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Splenius Capitus ("bandage skull")

Question 13

Inspiratory muscles

Answer 13

diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, serratus posterior superior

Question 14

Expiratory muscles

Answer 14

forced expiration - internal intercostals, abdominal wall muscles, serratus posterior inferior
(normal expiration is passive)

Question 15

7 muscles of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle

Answer 15

posterior: trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae
anterior: subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Question 16

Shoulder girdle muscles go from where to where?

Answer 16

axial skeleton to scapula

Question 17

Rotator cuff muscles go from where to where?

Answer 17

scapula to humerus

Question 18

4 rotator cuff muscles

Answer 18

subscapularis muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle

Question 19

Cap to intertubercular groove muscles go from where to where?

Answer 19

axial skeleton to humerus

Question 20

4 cap to intertubercular groove muscles

Answer 20

deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Question 21

Muscles of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 21

rotator cuff muscles: subscapularis muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle
cap muscles: deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
three arm muscles: triceps brachii, ?, ?

Question 22

Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle go from where to where?

Answer 22

ribs to scapula or clavicle

Question 23

Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle go from where to where?

Answer 23

vertebral column to scapula

Question 24

6 movements of the pectoral girdle

Answer 24

elevation/depression
retraction/protraction
superior/inferior rotation

Question 25

Pectoral elevation muscles also do what movement and where?

Answer 25

retraction, located on back (from dorsal surface) | rhomboid major and minor, trapezius superior

Question 26

Pectoral depression muscles also do what movement and where?

Answer 26

protraction, located on chest (from ventral surface) | pectoralis minor

Question 27

Anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Answer 27

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

Question 28

Posterior muscles of the shoulder girdle

Answer 28

trapezius, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

Question 29

Is "major" or "minor" always superior to the other?

Answer 29

minor

Question 30

Serrates anterior is anterior to what muscle?

Answer 30

subscapularis

Question 31

Muscles in anterior compartment of brachium

Answer 31

coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii (long and short heads)

Question 32

Muscles in posterior compartment of brachium

Answer 32

triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial heads)

Question 33

Muscles in anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 33

superficial and deep groups of common flexors superficial: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, (flexor retinaculum) deep: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 34

Muscles in posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 34

superficial and deep groups of common extensors superficial: (brachioradialis), extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus deep: supinator (also extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis)

Question 35

3 pelvis muscle groups/compartments

Answer 35

gluteal compartment, lateral rotators, iliopsoas muscle

Question 36

3 thigh muscle compartments

Answer 36

anterior, posterior, medial

Question 37

3 leg muscle compartments

Answer 37

anterior, posterior, lateral

Question 38

6 movements of the hip

Answer 38

flex and extend abduct and adduct laterally and medially rotate

Question 39

Two lines on the os coxae

Answer 39

``` pectineal line (pubis) - pectinous muscle originates here arcuate line (ilium) form pelvis brim, separate true from false pelvis ```

Question 40

Anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 40

sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

Question 41

Medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 41

adductor longus, brevis, and magnus gracilis pectineus (obturator externus)

Question 42

Posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 42

hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long and short head))

Question 43

Anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 43

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Question 44

Lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 44

fibularis brevis and longus

Question 45

Posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 45

gastrocnemius and soleus | tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Question 46

Posterior attachments of hip generally do what actions?

Answer 46

lateral rotation and extension

Question 47

Anterior attachments of hip generally do what actions?

Answer 47

medial rotation and flexion