Muscular & Skeletal Systems

Question 1

Definition of an agonist muscle?

Answer 1

The pulling muscle is the prime mover (agonist)

Question 2

Definition of an antagonist muscle?

Answer 2

The muscle that relaxes is the antagonist.

Question 3

Movements at joints: Define flexion

Answer 3

This takes place when the angle at a joint decreases. E.g when the arms bends at the elbow.

Question 4

Define Extension

Answer 4

This is when the angle at a joint increases. E.g extending your arm at the elbow joint.

Question 5

Define adduction

Answer 5

this takes place when limbs are brought towards the body. (Think ADD of ‘adduction’= adding to the body.)

Question 6

Define abduction

Answer 6

this takes place when limbs are brought away from the body.

Question 7

When kicking a football- when the kicking leg prepares to kick- identify the antagonistic muscle pair and which is the agonist and antagonist

Answer 7

Hamstring (Agonist) & Quadricep ( Antagonist)

Question 8

Identify as many characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibres

Answer 8

Produce power, contract fast, they tire quickly, white in colour, suitable for speed events, throwing and jumping.

Question 9

Identify as many characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 9

Suited for endurance sports, they can contract for long periods of time, they work with oxygen, red in colour, suited to sports such as long distance running, cycling or swimming

Question 10

What type of muscle are quadriceps?

Answer 10

Voluntary Muscles

Question 11

What type of joint connects the humerus, radius and ulna?

Answer 11

Hinge

Question 12

What does a tendon attach?

Answer 12

Bone to Muscle

Question 13

When a muscle contracts eccentrically what happens?

Answer 13

The muscle gets longer in length whilst contracting

Question 14

If I play a tennis forehand, what are the antagonistic muscle pair?

Answer 14

pectoral and deltoid

Question 15

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 15

Ligaments

Question 16

What type of joint is found at the shoulder?

Answer 16

Ball and socket joint

Question 17

What type of bone is an ulna?

Answer 17

Long bone

Question 18

Define insertion

Answer 18

the point where a tendon attaches a muscle to bone where there is movement. E.g the elbow is the INSERTION during a bicep curl.

Question 19

Define Origin

Answer 19

the point where a tendon attaches muscle to a bone where there is no movement. E.g. the shoulder is the ORIGIN during a bicep curl.

Question 20

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

Answer 20

glucose + oxygen ————> energy + carbon dioxide+water

Question 21

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration

Answer 21

glucose ———-> energy + lactic acid

Question 22

Define an isotonic contraction

Answer 22

When muscles are contracting and changing length causing movement

Question 23

Define an isometric contraction

Answer 23

When muscles are contracting but staying the same length causing no movement. E.g plank or ski sit