Muscular System Flashcards
(45 cards)
Name the adaptations of the muscular system to exercise?
Hypertrophy
Increase tendon strength
Increase in mitochondria
Increase in myoglobin
Increase in glycogen storage
Improved use of energy sources
Increase tolerance to lactate
How long can cramp last?
Usually between a few seconds up to 10 minutes.
What function does the Obliques do?
Lateral flexion of the trunk/Twist
What happens to your muscles as you get older?
- Muscle mass will decrease
- Onset of muscle mass loss begins around 50 and is known as ‘sarcopenia’
- Muscles result in a decrease in muscle strength and power.
What function does the Bicep do?
Flex the elbow
The muscle that relaxes to allow the movement to happen?
Antagonist
Define the isometric contraction with an example?
Muscle length stays the same. Holding the press-up position.
What is an antagonistic pair?
When the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes. An example is the Bicep Curl (Bicep = Agonist, Tricep = Antagonist)
What function does the Glutes do?
Extends the hip
Which type of muscle fibre contracts fast, a medium force of production, usually aerobic & anaerobic and medium resistance to fatigue?
Type IIa (Fast Twitch)
Define the eccentric muscle contraction with an example?
Muscle length decreases/lengthens e.g. Triceps lengthen when flexing the arm.
Describe the All or None Law
For a motor unit to contract, it must receive an impulse/signal. All muscles fibres must contract or none of the muscles fibres contract.
Type IIa characteristics and sporting examples?
Contract fast
Medium force of contraction
Aerobic & Anaerobic
Medium resistance to fatigue
Pink
Middle distance events like 400m, Tennis rally, gymnastic floor routine.
Name the process of breaking down glucose without oxygen to produce energy
Anaerobic respiration
Name the responses of the muscular system to a single exercise session?
Increased blood supply
Increase in muscle temperature
Increased in muscle pliability
Lactate accumulation
Microtears
Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)
The organelles (parts of cells) in the body where aerobic respiration takes place is called? (creates 38 ATP)
Mitochondria
Which type of muscle fibre contracts very fast, a high force of production, usually anaerobic and low resistance to fatigue?
Type IIx (Very Fast Twitch)
Name the process of producing energy using oxygen, where energy is released from glucose
Aerobic respiration
Known as the positive phase of muscle contraction?
Concentric Contraction
Define the concentric muscle contraction with an example?
Muscle length increases/shortens e.g. Triceps shorten when extending the arm.
Name all the major posterior muscles
Deltoids
Trapezuis
Tricep
Latismus Dorsi
Wrist Extensor
Erector Spinae
Gluteals (2 muscles)
1. Gluteus Medius
2. Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings (see three below)
1. Biceps Femoris
2. Semimembranosus
3. Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Name the three types of muscle fibres?
Type I (Slow Twitch)
Type IIa (Fast Twitch)
Type IIx (Very Fast Twitch)
Which type of muscle is unconsciously controlled, and control the bodily functions such as blood and food?
Smooth
Type IIx characteristics and sporting examples?
Contract very fast
High force of contraction
Anaerobic
Low resistance to fatigue
White
Power events like 100m, shot put, javelin, power lifting.
