Muscular System Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
bi-
A
twice, double, two
2
Q
-cele
A
hernia, tumor, swelling
3
Q
dys-
A
bad, difficult, painful
4
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia, fibrous band
5
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue, fiber
6
Q
-ia
A
abnormal condition, disease
7
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
8
Q
kines/o, kinesi/o
A
movement
9
Q
my/o
A
muscle
10
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis, stroke
11
Q
-rrhexis
A
rupture
12
Q
tax/o
A
coordination, order
13
Q
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
A
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
14
Q
ton/o
A
tone, stretching, tension
15
Q
tri-
A
three
16
Q
abduction
A
movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
17
Q
adduction
A
movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.
18
Q
adhesion
A
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
19
Q
ataxia
A
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
20
Q
atonic
A
lacking normal muscle tone or strength.
21
Q
atrophy
A
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.
22
Q
bradykinesia
A
extreme slowness in movement.
23
Q
carpal tunnel syndrome
A
inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then creates pressure on the median nerve.
24
Q
chronic fatigue syndrome
A
a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.
25
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of the limb.
26
contracture
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.
27
dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.
28
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions.
29
dystonia
a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.
30
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.
31
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.
32
ergonomics
the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.
33
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under a physician's supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.
34
fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
35
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.
36
ganglion cyst
a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.
37
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.
38
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.
39
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.
40
hernia
the protrusion of a part of a structure through tissues normally containing it.
41
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.
42
hypotonia
a condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscles.
43
impingement syndrome
inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.
44
insertion
the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
45
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.
46
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.
47
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.
48
myocele
the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.
49
myoclonus
the quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.
50
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.
51
myolysis
the degeneration of muscle tissue.
52
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis.
53
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle.
54
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.
55
oblique
slanted or at an angle.
56
origin
the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.
57
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
58
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.
59
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.
60
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.
61
polymyositis
a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.
62
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.
63
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities.
64
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.
65
shin splint
a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).
66
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.
67
sphincter
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.
68
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.
69
tenodesis
the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.
70
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions.
71
tenorrhaphy
the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.
72
tensynovitis
an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.
73
tenotomy
a surgical incision into a tendon.
74
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wry-neck.
75
transverse
in a crosswise direction.
76
muscle fibers
are the long, slender cells that make up muscles.
77
fascia
is a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Also, flexible to allow muscle movements.
78
myofascial
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
79
my/o
muscle
80
fasci
fascia
81
-al
pertaining to
82
tendon
is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue. (tendons attach muscle to bone.)
83
patellar tissue
attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella (kneecap).
84
achilles tendon
attaches the gastrocenmius muscle (the major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone.
85
aponeurosis
is a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone.
86
ligaments
join bone to bone.
87
skeletal muscles
are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible.
88
voluntary muscles
conscious control over these muscles.
89
striated muscles
under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance.
90
striated
striped
91
smooth muscle
located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands.
92
involuntary muscles
they are under control of autonomic nervous system and are not under voluntary control.
93
unstriated muscles
do not have the dark and light bands that produce the striped appearance seen in striated muscles.
94
visceral muscles
they are found in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems.
95
visceral
relating to the internal organs.
96
myocardial muscles
form the muscular walls of the heart.
97
muscle innervation
is the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.
98
neruomuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.
99
muscul
muscle
100
-ar
pertaining to
101
antagonistic
refers to working in opposition to each other.
102
contraction
is the tightening of a muscle.
103
relaxation
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form.
104
extension
increases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand away from the body.
105
rotation
is a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint.
106
supination
is turning the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward.
107
plantar flexion
bends the foot downward at the ankle.
108
ab-
away from
109
duct
lead
110
-ion
action
111
abductor
is a muscle that moves a body part away from the midline.
112
flexion
means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint.
113
flex
bend
114
flexor muscle
bends a limb at a joint.
115
extension
means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb.
116
ex-
away from
117
tens
stretch out
118
extensor muscle
bends a limb at a joint.
119
hyperextension
is the extreme or over-extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit.
120
elevation
is the act of raising or lifting a body part.
121
levator anguli oris
muscles of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile.
122
levator
is a muscle that raises a body part.
123
depression
is the act of lowering a body part.
124
depressor anguli oris
lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown.
125
depressor
muscle lowers a body part.
126
axis
is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis.
127
rotator muscle
turns a body part on its axis.
128
humerus
is the bone of the upper arm, rotates within the shoulder joint.
129
rotator cuff
is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint.
130
plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot.
131
superficial muscles
they are located near the surface, just under the skin.
132
sternocleidomastoid muscle
is named for its two point of origin.
133
origin
is where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.
134
insertion
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.
135
stern/o
breastbone
136
cleid/o
collar bone
137
mastoid
muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process.
138
carpi
wrist or wrist bone.
139
pectoralis major
is a thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall.
140
pectoral
relating to the chest
141
lateralis
toward the side
142
vastus lateralis
is a large muscle toward the outer side of the leg.
143
medialis
toward the midline.
144
vastus medialis
is a muscle toward the midline of the leg.
145
oblique
slanted or at an angle.
146
rectus
is straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.
147
sphincter
is a ring-like muscle that constricts the opening of a passageway.
148
biceps
formed from two divisions
149
-ceps
head
150
triceps
formed from three divisions
