Musculoskeletal Flashcards Preview

Pathology > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Flashcards in Musculoskeletal Deck (8)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

When do Lateral sprains happen? What is most likely to be damaged?

When do Medial sprains happen? What is most likely to be damaged?

A

Inversion (Varus) sprain will usually damage anterior talofibular** ligament first, then **calcaneofibular** ligament (middle), then **posterior talofibular ligament last (Fibula is the outlier bone a “Fib” of a bone)

Eversion (Valgus) strain will usually damage tibial bone medial malleolus** (**Pott’s fracture**) first, then **deltoid ligament

2
Q

What do the following tests test; Drop-arm, Empty can, Neer, Hawkins, Appley stretch, Tinnels, Lateral epicondylitis, Medial epicondylitis, Phalen’s, Finklestein, Thomas, McMurray, Drawer tests, Thompson-Doherty squeeze, Valgus stress, Varus stress, Spurling, Straight leg-raise, Thomas, Patrick FABER test (what does it mean)?

A
  • Drop-arm = tests deltoid and supraspinatus (first 15o from rest)
  • Empty can test = Supraspinatus
  • Neer test = same as empty can, but looking more for pain
  • Hawkins test = internal rotation testing for supraspinatus muscle impingement
  • Appley stretch test = infraspinatus (ER)/subscapularis (IR)
  • Tinnels test = poke on the nerve to reproduce pain
  • Lateral epicondylitis = radial deviation and extension (extensors) tennis elbow
  • Medial epicondylitis = ulnar deviation and flexion (flexors) golfers elbow
  • Phalen’s test = press dorsum of hands together for 1 minute (carple tunnel)
  • Finklestein test = thumb in fist and ulnar deviate => pain of the tendon of (Abd/E) pollicis** => **de Quervain’s tenosynovitis
  • Thomas test = flex knee and see if other leg lifts in response => tight psoas major
  • McMurray Test = rotate leg while flexing the thigh => for torn meniscus
  • Cruciate ligaments; Drawer tests see if too much motion, anterior = prevents that knee motion, posterior = prevents that knee motion
  • Thompson-Doherty squeeze test = squeeze gastrocnemeus and should see slight plantar flexion.
  • Valgus (flapper) stress test = trying to “force” into valgus, Medial collateral ligament should stop this.
  • Varus (cowboy) stress test = trying to “force” into varus, Lateral collateral ligament should stop this.
  • Spurling = extend cervical spine, rotate, and SB with compression to see if there is radiculopathy. Compression and Distraction also test, but both sides at once
  • Straight leg-raise test = lift the “complaint” leg to physiologic barrier, then have patient dorsiflex, if non-radiating = OPP problem
    • Cross leg = if it is radicular, test other side, if positive = lumbosacral source
  • Thomas Test = flex thigh (keep back straight) => patient lifts other leg = psoas major muscle
  • Patrick FABER test = flex leg, Abduct leg, and externally rotate (this is in supine position, foot on knee, passively externally rotate and stabilize ASIS
    • Groin/anterior thigh pain meaning hip problem
    • Sacroiliac region indicative of pathology in the SI joint
3
Q

What is the cause of Periodontitis? What is the Pathology? What is it associated with? What may it lead to?

A

Anaerobic gram negative organisms. They implant/destroy connection of teeth to jaw(Cementin). HIV, leukemia, Crohn’s disease, DM, Down’s syndrome, Sarcoidosis, and Neutrophil defects. Infectious endocarditis/pleuritis, brain abscesses, and teratogenic

4
Q

What is a Pyogenic granuloma? When does it occur? When does it leave?

A

A rapid growth of ulcerated red/purple tumor. Pregnancy. Should recede after pregnancy

5
Q

What is a Peripheral Ossifying fibroma? What needs to be done?

A

Reactive growth of gingiva like Pyogenic granuloma. must be excised all the way down to the periosteum as they recur

6
Q

What is a Peripheral giant cell granuloma? What should be done?

A

More bluish/purple than Pyogenic granuloma. Excised.

7
Q

What is an Aphthous Ulcer? What causes it? What does it look like? What is it associated with?

A

Canker Sore. Familial disorder. Painful hyperemic ulcerations. GI problems

8
Q

What is Ludwig Angina? What is the big deal?

A

Cellulitis that starts in the mouth and rapidly spreads to the throat. This is life threatening through asphyxiation or crushing carotid arteries.