Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

medulla (bone)

Answer 1

inner core of bones; either contain red bone marrow where hematopoiesis happens or yellow bone marrow which is filled with adipose tissue

Question 2

diaphysis

Answer 2

shaft of bone; made of compact bone

Question 3

epiphyses

Answer 3

ends of bone; mainly made of spongy bone covered by thin layer of compact bone

Question 4

metaphysis

Answer 4

on the border of the diaphysis and epiphysis (at neck of bone); place of growth during development

Question 5

types of bones

Answer 5

flat bones (ie skull)
long bones (ie femur)
short bones (ie carpal bones)
irregular bones (ie vertebrae)
sesamoid bones (ie patella)

Question 6

bone cortex

Answer 6

outer layer of compact bone; protects the cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 7

types of joints

Answer 7

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 8

articular capsule

Answer 8

joint capsule, contains synovial fluid, cartilage, etc

Question 9

bursa

Answer 9

small sacs of synovial fluid located at points of friction in a joint

Question 10

difference between tendons and ligaments

Answer 10

tendons attach muscle to bone
ligaments attach bone to bone

Question 11

extensor muscles vs flexor muscles

Answer 11

extensors contract to extend/straighten a joint
flexors contract to flex/bend a joint

Question 12

cranium

Answer 12

skull

Question 13

maxilla

Answer 13

upper jaw bone

Question 14

mandible

Answer 14

lower jaw bone

Question 15

all the vertebrae w/ numbers

Answer 15

cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacrum (fused into 1)
coccyx (fused into 1)

Question 16

clavicle

Answer 16

collarbone; strut between shoulder blade and sternum

Question 17

scapula

Answer 17

shoulder blade; connects humerus with clavicle

Question 18

sternum

Answer 18

breastbone; connects ribs

Question 19

types of ribs and pair numbers

Answer 19

true ribs; connect to sternum; 7 pairs
false ribs; connect to true ribs; 3 pairs
floating ribs; only connect to spine; 2 pairs
12 pairs total

Question 20

humerus

Answer 20

upper arm bone

Question 21

radius and ulna

Answer 21

forearm bones
radius is lateral (thumb side)
ulna is medial (pinky side)

Question 22

ilium

Answer 22

upper hip bone; upper arches of pelvis

Question 23

acetabulum

Answer 23

cup-shaped socket where femur and hip bone make the hip joint

Question 24

pubis

Answer 24

lower and anterior part of hip bone; forms the circle the pelvis makes around the organs

Question 25

ischium

Answer 25

lower and back bone that forms the pelvis; 2 bottom arches of the pelvis lots of ass functions (walking, sitting, posture)

Question 26

hand bones

Answer 26

carpals; wrist bones metacarpals; hand bones phalanges; finger bones

Question 27

foot bones

Answer 27

tarsals; ankle/heel bones metatarsals; foot bones phalanges; toe bones

Question 28

femur

Answer 28

thigh bone

Question 29

patella

Answer 29

kneecap

Question 30

tibia and fibula

Answer 30

lower leg bones tibia is medial (inside); also weight-bearing fibula is lateral (outside)

Question 31

skeletal processes

Answer 31

protruding bones not really connected to joints ie spinous process and transverse processes on vertebra