Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical conditions > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(126 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What happens in dislocation of the shoulder?

A
  • Head of the humerus is forcibly removed from its socket in the glenoid fossa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When may dislocation of the shoulder occur?

A
  • If you fall on to your arm heavily in rugby or sports related injury
  • FOOSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of dislocation of the shoulder?

A
  • Cannot move the arm
  • Shoulder will look square
  • Lump under the skin
  • Pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the treatment for dislocation of the shoulder?

A
  • Reduction
  • Surgery if tissue damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a humeral neck fracture caused by?

A
  • Low energy falls in the elderly
  • trauma in young person
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the symptoms of humeral neck fractures?

A

Pain and swelling with decreased motion

accessory nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for humeral neck fractures?

A
  • Sling immobalisation
  • Rehabilitation
  • Surgery e.g. pinning or rodding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is impingement of the shoulder?

A
  • Tendon inside your shoulder rubs or catches on nearby tissue and bone as you lift your arm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes impingement of the shoulder?

A
  • Injury or overuse of the shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of impingement of the shoulder?

A
  • Pain in the top and outer side of your shoulder that gets worse when you lift your arm
  • may ache at night and have weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for impingement of the shoulder?

A
  • Avoid things that make it worse but dont stop moving it
  • Use and ice pack
  • Take pain killers
  • Shoulder exercises
  • Steroid injections
  • Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A
  • Calcific deposits inside or around tendons of the rotator cuff
  • Supraspinatus and intraspinatus tendons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A
  • Degeneration
  • Chemical factors
  • Calcium deposition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A
  • Severe pain spontaneously
  • Frozen shoulder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A
  • Steroid injections
  • Shock wave therapy
  • Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles are affected by Rotator cuff tears?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a rotator cuff tear?

A
  • Usually the supraspinatus tendon may tear due to injury or degeneration
  • can be any muscle though
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff tear?

A
  • Pain at night and when lifting and lowering the arm
  • Weakness in arm and crackling when moving the arm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for a rotator cuff tear?

A
  • Rest
  • Activity modification
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • strengthening exercises
  • steroid injections
  • surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What shoulder joints can be affected with osteoarthritis?

A
  • Glenohumeral joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Become painful and stiff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes increase risk of osteoarthritis?

A
  • Joint injury
  • Age
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • Other Arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the treatment for osteoarthritis?

A
  • Regular exercise
  • losing weight
  • wearing devices to reduce strain
  • surgery to remove peices of damaged cartilage or joint replacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes a medial epicondylar fracture of the humerus?

A
  • FOOSH
  • Elbow dislocation
  • Direct blow
  • Usually in children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the symptoms of medial epicondylar fracture of the humerus?

A
  • Medial elbow pain with tenderness over medial epicondyle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the treatment for medial epicondyle fracture of the humerus?
* Immobalisation in a long arm cast for 2 weeks * surgery if displaced or if ulnar nerve dysfunction
26
What is a dislocated elbow?
* Where the radius and ulna move out of place compared with the humerus
27
What causes elbow dislocations?
FOOSH
28
What are the symptoms of elbow dislocations?
* Pain and deformity of the joint
29
What is the treatment for elbow dislocation?
* Reduction * Put in plaster with a sling
30
What is another name for a pulled elbow?
* Nursemaids elbow or radial head subluxation
31
What causes a pulled elbow?
* Pulling of the arm e.g. when swinging a child by there arms
32
What are the symptoms of a pulled elbow?
Painful arm and does not want to use it
33
What is the treatment for a pulled elbow?
* Nurse or doctor will move the arm in a certain way to slip the bone back inside the ring of ligament
34
What is olecranon bursa?
* Fluid filled sac that cushion elbow joint becomes inflammed
35
What are the symtoms of olecranon bursitis?
* Painful tender and swollen joint
36
What is the treatment for olecranon bursa?
* Usually will go away on its own * Needle can be inserted to drain * Surgery to remove it
37
What is a Colles fracture?
Dorsal angulation fracture of distal radius
38
What causes a Colles fracture?
FOOSH in extension
39
How are Colles and Smiths fractures treated?
Closed reduction and cast immobilsation
40
What is a Smiths fracture?
* Palmar angulation fracture of the distal radius
41
What causes a Smiths fracture?
FOOSH in flexion
42
What is a scaphoid fracture?
* Break in one of the small bones of the wrist
43
What causes a scaphoid fracture?
* FOOSH
44
What are the symptoms of a scaphoid fracture?
* Pain and tenderness in the area just below the base of the thumb
45
How is a scaphoid fracture treated?
* Casting or surgery
46
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
* Long term condition that causes swelling and stiffness in the joints * Autoimmune condition so thebody attacks the cells that line the joints * genetics, hormones and smoing increase risk
47
What are the symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis?
* Joint pain * Swelling * Stiffness * Inflammation
48
What is the treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis?
* DMARDS * Biological treatments * have side effects
49
Where is a common site of osteoarthritis in the hand in post menopausal women?
1st CMC joint and distal interphalageal joints including Heberden's nodes
50
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the hands?
* Tenderness * Stiffness * Crepitus * Swelling * Pain
51
What is the treatment for osteoarthritis in the hands?
* Corticosteroids * Surgery
52
What is a 5th metacarpal fracture called? (break in the neck of the metacarpal)
* Boxer's fracture
53
What causes a 5th metacarpal (boxers) fracture?
Punching an object with a closed fist
54
What are the symptoms of a 5th metacarpal (boxers) fracture?
* Snapping or popping sensation of the bone * Swelling * Discolouration * bruising * pain * misalignment
55
What is the treatment for a metacarpal (boxers) fracture?
* Immobilisation * Splint
56
What is De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
Inflammation of tendons on the side of the wrist at the base of the thumb e.g. extensor pollicicis brevis or abductor pollicis longus
57
What causes De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
* Caused by strain injury
58
What are the symptoms of De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
* Pain and tenderness beneath the base of the thumb * swelling and redness
59
What is the treatment for De Quervain's tenosynovitis?
* Rest * Splinting * Ice * anti-inflammatory medications * infections
60
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
* Compression of the median nerve
61
What causes Carpal tunnel syndrome?
* Unknown but may be due to injuries to the wrist or repetitive work with the hand
62
What are the symproms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
* Pins and needles * thumb weakness * dull ache in the hand or arm
63
What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome?
* No treatment * Splints * corticosteroids * surgery
64
What causes compression of the ulner nerve in Guyon's canal?
Biking hand hold handlebar palsy fractures and bone pathologies
65
What are the symptoms of compression of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal?
* Muscular atrophy * sensory loss * pain * ulnar claw
66
What is the treatment for compression of the ulnar nerve in Guyons canal?
* Anti-inflammatory medications * Excercises
67
What is Dupuytrens contracture?
* The layer of tissue under the skin of the palm is affected * Knots of tissue form under the skin creating thick cord making finger bends * unknown cause *
68
What is the symptom of Dupuytrens contracture?
* makes it difficuly to use hand
69
What is the treatment for Dupuytrens contracture?
* Xiaflex injection- Collagenase
70
What is reflex sympathetic dystropy?
* Clinical syndrome of variable cause and unknown cause that has pain swelling and vasomotor dysfunction of extremities
71
What causes Reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
* Result of trauma or surgery
72
What are the symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystophy?
* Medications * Physical therapy
73
What are the different types of fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia?
* Intra-articular * Transverse * comminuted * closed or open
74
What causes fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia?
* High energy injuries * lower force fall
75
What are the symptoms of fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia?
* Pain with weight bearing * swelling * bruising * tender to touch and deformity
76
What is the treatment for fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia?
* Skeletal traction * casting * bracing * surgery
77
What cuases a patellar fracture?
* Falling directly onto the knee or recieving a sharp blow to the knee
78
What are the symptoms of patellar fractures?
* bruising * inability to straighten knee * inability to walk
79
What is the treatment for patellar fractures?
* splint * surgery
80
What is a patellar dislocation?
* patellar slips out of its normal position * physicial can manually move the kneecap back
81
What is a meniscal injury?
* C shaped rubbery disc that cushions your knee * if torn can prevent your knee from working right * caused by twisting or turning your knee quickly
82
What are the symptoms of meniscal injuries?
* Pain * Swelling
83
What is the treatment for meniscal injuries?
* Ice * Physical therapy * Surgery
84
What is a collateral ligament injury and what causes it?
* Connects the femur to the tibia * if this is torn this is a sprain * caused by pulls the knee sideways- usually contact injuries
85
What is the treatment for collateral ligament injuries?
* Pain * Swelling * Instability
86
What is an anterior, posteroior cruciate injury?
* Within the knee and connects to bone * stiffness, swelling and pain * instablity and cannot exercise * physiotherapy, bracing and rehab and surgery
87
What is another name for suprapatellar bursitis?
Housemaids knee
88
What is Suprapatellar bursitis?
* Inflammation of small fluid filled sac in front of the knee cap
89
What causes suprapatellar bursitis?
Long periods of kneeing
90
What is the treatment for suprapatellar bursitis?
* Supportive treatment
91
What is another name for superficial infrapatellar bursitis?
* clergyman's knee
92
What is superficial infrapatellar bursitis?
* Infrapatellar bursa becomes inflamed, swollen and painful
93
What causes superficial infrapatellar bursitis?
* Long periods of kneeling
94
What is the treatment for Superficial infrapatellar bursitis?
* Supportive treatment
95
What causes a fracture of the hip and femoral shaft?
* fa or injury to the side of the hip * condition that weakens bones
96
What are the symptoms of fractures of the hip and femoral shaft?
* Pain * cannot lift leg * unable to stand * bruising * swelling * shorter leg on injured side * legs turn outwards
97
How is a fracture of the hip and femoral shaft treated?
Surgery
98
What is an intracapsular fracture of the femoral head?
* Capsule of joint * blood supplu to femoral headd travels a retrograde direction via the capsule so blood supply can be damaged
99
What causes intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck?
* fall onto side of the fracture * osteoporosis * agre related frailty
100
What are the symptoms of intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck?
* Fall followed by pain in the groin and thigh * weight bear limited * limited range of movement * external rotation with shortening of limb length
101
What is the treatment for intacapsular fracture of the femoral neck?
* Surgery * internal fixation * replacement of the femoral head in hemiarthroplasty
102
What causes a displaced femoral neck fracture?
* Increased training or activity * low bone density * abnormal body composition * diet deficiency
103
What are the symptoms of displaced femoral neck fracture?
* Unable to stand * tenderness in anterior groin and thigh * range of motion reduced * muscle strenght reduced
104
What is the treatment for a femoral nec fracture?
* Reduction and internal fixation * surgery
105
What is truamatic dislocation of the hip caused by?
* High energy blunt forced trauma e.g. moto cycle accidents * emergency
106
What are the symptoms of traumatic dislocation of the hip?
* Difficulty moving * numbness * severe pain
107
What is the treatment for traumatic dislocation of the hip?
* Reduction * Surgery
108
What is the achilles tendon?
* Strong fibrous cord that connects muscles in the back of your calf to your heel bone
109
What problems can occur with the achilles tendon?
* Achilles tendonitis * tendon rupture
110
What can cause tendon rupture?
* Overstretching
111
What are the symptoms of tendon rupture?
* Sudden pain * popping or snapping sensation * swelling * feels like youve been kicked in the back of your leg
112
What is the treatment for a tendon rupture?
* Plaster or boot surgery
113
What is claw toe/hammer toe?
* Toes are bent upwards from the joint at ball of the foot and downwards at the middle joint due to wearing shows that squeeze your toes like high heels * surgery or pads will fix
114
What is flat foot?
* Arches of the foot collapse and ome in contact with the ground
115
What causes flat foot?
* Inflammed posterior tibial tendon causing it to damage
116
What are the symptoms of flat foot?
* feet will easily tire * painful * swollen * flat
117
What is the treatment for flat foot?
* surgery
118
What causes a sprained ankle?
* rolling * twist * turn * of ankle inwards * This stretches or tears the ligaments that hold your ankle together
119
What is the treatment for a sprained ankle?
* Rest * compression * Elevation
120
What breaks in an ankle fracture?
* Tibia * Fibula * both
121
What causes an ankle fracture?
* Twisting of the ankle * stress * repetitive force * over use
122
What are the symptoms of an ankle fracture?
* Immediate and severe pain * swelling * bruising * tnderness * inability to put weight on it
123
What is a bunion?
* Bony lump that forms on the joint at the base of your big toe * When your big toe pushes against your next toe forcing the joint of your big toe to get bigger and stick out
124
What are the symptoms of bunions?
* Bulging bumps, swelling, calluses and pain
125
What is th treatment of bunions?
* Shoe inserts * Surgery
126
What is the connection between diabetes mellitus and the foot?
* Raised blood glucose can damage the sensation of your feet so have to look at feet to make sure there is no damage

Clinical conditions (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions