sound organized in time
music
the highness or lowness of a sound
pitch
orchestral musicians in the US tune to this note
A-440
The term for scholars who study the music of other cultures
ethnomusicologists
Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel created how many groups of instruments?
4
What texture has two or more melodic lines unfold simultaneously
polyphonic
What is the art of taking an existing piece of music and giving instructions as to what each individual performer should play
arranging
The combination of instruments involved in a work of music
instrumentation
Another expressive factor expressing the sound of a piece is called
articulation
The primary way tension is created through harmonic _______.
Dissonance
what is the broadcast definition of music?
sound organized in time
improvisation
simultaneous composition and performance
how does raising the amplitude of a sound wave affect the sound?
sound becomes louder
a melody that moves primarily in half steps or whole steps conjunct melody
conjunct melody
Between which TWO pairs of notes on the keyboard are there no black keys?
B to C and E to F
From which key on the keyboard would a natural minor scale consisting only of white keys begin?
A
transpose
to move a piece of music from one key to another
What aspect of a melody must remain unchanged when it is transposed to another key?
the interval relationships between the notes
contour
the overall shape or direction of a melody
how does lowering the frequency of a sound wave affect the sound
pitch becomes lower
what is the frequency of A above middle C, the note to which orchestral musicians tune their instruments
440 Hz
chordophones
instruments that use vibrating strings to produce sound
idiophones
instruments whose bodies vibrate to produce sound
aerophones
instruments that use a vibrating column of air to produce
membranophones
instruments that use a vibrating column of air to produce sound
electrophones
instruments that use an oscillator to produce sounds
what instrument family includes the flute, bassoon, and saxophone
woodwinds
what instrument family includes the tuba, french horn, and bugle
brass
what are five examples of stringed instruments
violon, viola, cello, doublebass, and guitar
what instruments family includes the marimba, timpani, and vibraphone?
percussion
what are four examples of keyboard instruments
piano, harpsichord, organ, and celesta
pitch
the higness or lowness of a sound
what interval is produced by halving the length of a string on a guitar
octave
where is middle c located on the piano keyboard
roughly equidistant from either end
overtones
weaker frequencies that color the sound of a note
into how many equal parts does equal temperament divide the octave
12
chromatic scale
the 12 pitches of the octave, played in ascending order
what does a sharp symbol indicate
the note should be raised
what does a flat symbol indicate?
the note should be lowered
what are the notes g# and Ab, which are identical in pitch referred to as?
enharmonic
how many pitches does a diatonic scale contain
seven
why is the seventh pitch in a scale called the leading tone
it begs to resolve upward to the tonic pitch
what is the role of the tonic pitch
acts as a point or repose and completion
dominant pitch
the fifth scale degree
performance practice
a study of how music actually sounded when it was written
interval
the distance between two pitches
what unit of measurement is used to describe an interval
half step or semitone
What is the highest note of a triad known as?
the fifth
melodic interval
two pitches played consecutively