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Music Gaps Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the chords based on a the 2nd 3rd and 6th degrees of a major scale?

A

These are secondary chords and are Minor.

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1
Q

What are the chords based on a the 1st 4th and 5th degree of a major scale?

A

These are primary chords and are Major.

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2
Q

What is the chord based on the 7th degree of a major scale?

A

A diminished chord.

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3
Q

What does an augmented chord have?

A

A #5

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4
Q

What does a diminished chord have?

A

A b5

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5
Q

What is the primary use of a diminished chord?

A

It is used to modulate (change key)

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6
Q

What is the primary use of a augmented chord?

A

Used for variation.

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7
Q

What is a pedal note?

A

A single note sustained in the Bass with different chords played on top.

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8
Q

What are monophonic, polyphonic and homophonic melodies?

A

Monophonic - 1 Instrument or voice.

Homophonic - Same text and rhythm for every voice

Polyphonic - also known as contrapuntal two or more voices against each-other - counterpointed.

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9
Q

What is Ternary form?

A

ABA, also known as sandwich form.

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10
Q

What is a Fuge?

A

Polyphonic composition where the theme enters each voice.

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11
Q

What is an overture?

A

The opening to an opera, ballet etc.

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12
Q

What is the I chord?

A

The Tonic chord.

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13
Q

What is the ii chord?

A

The supersonic.

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14
Q

What is the iii chord?

A

The mediant

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15
Q

What is the IV chord?

A

The subdominant.

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16
Q

What is the V chord?

A

The dominant.

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17
Q

What is the vi chord?

A

The submediant.

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18
Q

What is the vii chord?

A

The leading note.

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19
Q

What is a perfect cadence and its inerrant sound?

A

A V-I chord movement.

Sounds Final.

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20
Q

What is an imperfect cadence and it’s inerrant sound?

A

A ?-V chord movement.

An unfinished sound.

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21
Q

What is a plagal cadence and its’s inherent sound?

A

A IV-I chord movement.

A doubly final “Amen” sound.

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22
Q

What is an interrupted cadence and its inerrant sound?

A

A V-vi chord movement

a “surprise” sound.

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30
Q

What does arco mean?

A

String instruments are to play using a bow.

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31
What does pizzicato mean?
String instruments are to be played by plucking the strings.
32
How is a piece marked cantabile to be played?
In singing style.
33
How is a piece marked con sordino to be played (strings only)
Played softly with muted strings.
34
How should a piece marked dolce be played?
Sweetly
35
How should a piece marked Expressivo be played?
Expressively.
36
How should a piece marked grandioso be played?
Grandly in a regal manner.
37
How should a piece marked grazioso be played?
Gracefully.
38
How should a piece marked Marcato be played?
In a marked, accented manner.
39
How should a piece marked maestoso be played?
Majestically.
40
How should a piece marked leggiero be played?
Lightly
41
What are the dynamics, quietest to loudest?
``` Pianissimo (pp) - very soft Piano (p) - softly Mezzo piano (mp) - fairly soft Mezzo forte (mf) - fairly loud Forte (F) - loud Fortissimo (FF) - very loud. ```
42
What does 8ve mean?
To play the passage an octave higher.
43
What does antiphonal mean?
Question and answer style.
44
What is A Capella?
To play unaccompanied.
45
What is a contrapuntal or polyphonic peice?
Two or more instruments or voices against eachother.
46
What is a countermelody?
One tune against another.
47
What is a homophonic peice?
All voices together.
48
What is the meaning of being "in cannon"
All voices or instruments copy eachother.
49
What is an ostinato?
A short repeated phrase.
50
What is a pedal note?
A repeated or sustained note usually in the bass.
51
What is a drone?
A 2 note pedal.
52
What is sequence?
A series of notes played higher or lower.
53
What is the subject of a peice?
Its theme/tune/melody.
54
What is syncopation?
An offbeat accent.
55
What is the tonality of a peice?
It's key I.e Fmaj or D minor.
56
What is an atonal peice?
A piece with no key.
57
What does tutti mean?
All play or sing.
58
What does it mean to play in unison.
Exactly the same thin played on 2 or more voices.
59
What is a madrigal?
An old fashioned unaccompanied love-song.
60
What is a Motet?
A short, sacred choral work?
61
What is a strophic song?
Chorus verse chorus verse... Etc.
62
What does through composed mean?
A song with no definite form.
63
What is the middle eight?
Usually 8 bars in a song that offer contrast.
64
What is a ground bass?
An ostinato in the bass.
65
What is binary form?
Music with 2 sections -AB
66
What is ternary or sandwich form?
ABA (AABA) extended ternary form.
67
What is Rondo form?
Music with a returning theme and several episodes. -ABACADAE... Etc
68
What is sonata form?
A piece with a Exposition, development and recapitulation.
69
What is a suite?
A collection of pieces linked by a connecting theme I.e the planets.
70
What is an overture?
An orchestrat introduction to something like an opera.
71
What is an Oratorio?
A full scale religious or choral work.
72
What is a cantata?
A shorter choral work.
73
What is a symphony?
A show off piece for the entire orchestra (all instruments have equal roles)
74
What is a concherto?
A work for a soloist with an orchestral accompaniment.
75
What is a sonata?
A mini symphony for one instrument
76
Give some features of renaissance music and name some composers.
Mainly church music and unaccompanied madrigals. Byrd, Gibbons
77
Give some features of Baroque music and name some composers.
Decorative and ornate music. Contrapuntal in style harpsichord and strings prominent. Handel, Bach.
78
Give some features of classical music and name some composers.
Harmonic style absolute as opposed to program music, composers obsessed with form and set patterns. Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
79
Give some features of romantic music and name some composers.
Program, descriptive music with emotions prominent. Schubert, Mendelssohn, Chopin.
80
Give some features of modern music and name some composers.
Harmonic principles taken to extremes. Electronic music originates Schoenberg, Webern, Stravinsky.
81
What does stretto mean?
Close imitation.
82
What is rhythmic augmentation?
Longer note values in the theme
83
What is rhythmic diminution?
Sorter note values.
84
What is Motivic development?
Thematic development.
85
What is a tierce de picardie?
A minor tune ending on a I chord.
93
How is a price marked allegro or vivace to be played?
Fast
94
How is a piece marked presto to be played?
Very fast.
95
How Is a price marked moderato to be played?
At a moderate speed.
96
How is a peice marked andante to be played.
At walking speed.
99
How is a peace marked grave or largo to be played?
Very slowly.
100
How is a piece marked adagio or lento to be played?
Slowly
101
How is a price marked rubato to be played?
In free time (own interpretation)

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