Mussolini Foreign policy

Question 1

4 Aims

Answer 1

1. Wanted to establish a modern Roman Empire
2. Felt successful foreign policy would distract from domestic problems
3. Disappointed w/ small territorial gains after WW1
4. Wanted Fascist ideology preached as national glory

Question 2

Albania 1920s

Answer 2

1925- Takes control over economy, exploits mineral resources
1926- 1st Treaty of Tirana, 2nd in 1927
- Subsidized by loans, army trained by Italy
1931- King Zog stood up to Italy, refused to renew Tirana
1934- Trade agreements w/ Yugo and Greece
1939 April 7, Italy invades, Zog flees and is disposed
- Zog only had 15k Italian trained soldiers

Question 3

Other methods 1920s

Answer 3

1924- Pact of Rome (It and Yugo), It gets Fiume
1925- Locarno Treaty
1928- Kellog-Briand Pact

Question 4

Corfu Incident 1930s

Answer 4

• Italian officers assassinated
• Musso demands compensation and an apology
• Greece appeals to LoN
• Musso invades the island
• Pressure from GB and Fr makes Musso leave
• Musso gets compensation and an apology

Question 5

Austria 1930s

Answer 5

• Musso and Hitler met in June 1934, in Venice
• Musso outs Hitler for wanting Austria
• Musso insists Germany respects Austria’s sovereignty
• July 25, 1934, Hitler assassinated Engelbert Dolfus (Austrian Chancellor)
• Musso moves 75k to Brener Pass (border), Hitler backs down

Question 6

Stressa Pact 1930s

Answer 6

• April 14, 1935, convened a summit of GB, Fr, It
• It tries to forge a united front against Hitler’s rearming and expansionism
• Aim was to reaffirm Locarno
• Union dissolved when Anglo-German naval signed (June 1935)
• Broke down completely after Abyssinia (Oct 1935-36)

Question 7

Abyssinian Crisis

Answer 7

• 1935 invaded by Musso
• Used 1934 border conflicts to spark war

Question 8

1930s

Answer 8

• 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis, defensive pact
• 1936 both support Franco in SCW
• 1938 Munich Conference
• 1939 Pact of Steel support each other militarily in war

Question 9

1940s

Answer 9

• WW2, heavy defeats in Africa
• 1943 Musso forced to resign
• April 27, 1945 Musso captured
• April 28, 1945 Musso hanged

Question 10

Successes

Answer 10

• 1923 Corfu
• 1924 Pact of Rome (Fiume)
• 1926-27 Albania
• 1934 prevents Hitler from taking Austria
• 1936 SCW
  All boosted prestige, furthers fascism in Europe, creates Rome-Berlin Axis

Question 11

Failures

Answer 11

• Fails to reverse ToV humiliation
• 1935 Abyssinia, costly, not much economic gain (only 2% trade)
• 1938 Munich Conference, Musso ignored seen as Hitlers sidekick

Question 12

Impact

Answer 12

• Ultimate aim (ToV) complete failure
• WW2 ended fascism, power superficial
• Big negative economic impacts
• Overshadowed by Hitler
• No economic or military strength to compete w/ big powers