Mutations and Genetic Diseases (Module 8) Flashcards
Somatic cell mutation
Not sex cells, so not heritable
germ-cell mutations
sex cell mutations, heritable
What is a point mutation?
Substitutions, mistaken base
Insertion mutation
extra base added to a strand
Deletion mutation
dropping a base
Frame shift mutation
mutation causes different interpretation which leads to different amino acid
What is induced mutation?
results from exposure to outside agent
During what event do most spontaneous mutations occur?
In replication
What are the 3 main sources of mutation during replication?
Mismatched bases, strand slip ups (deletion/insertion), chemical changes cause bases to be misread
What does DNA polymerase do?
Adds bases to new strand and proofreads before moving on.
Carcinogen
Chemicals that cause cancer
Mutagen
factor that cause increase in mutation rates
What are the two categories of mutagens?
Neutral- amino acid still creates normal protein
Functional change- amino acid makes protein with a different function
Why are free radicals bad?
They react with other chemicals and cause strand breaks or mispairing
What occurs with a silent mutation?
There is no effect on amino acid or protein
